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110th United States Congress
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The One Hundred Tenth United States Congress was the meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, between January 3, 2007, and January 3, 2009, during the last two years of the second term of President George W. Bush. It was composed of the Senate and the House of Representatives. The apportionment of seats in the House was based on the 2000 U.S. census.
The Democratic Party controlled a majority in both chambers for the first time since the end of the 103rd Congress in 1995.

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Encyclopedia
The One Hundred Tenth United States Congress was the meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, between January 3, 2007, and January 3, 2009, during the last two years of the second term of President George W. Bush. It was composed of the Senate and the House of Representatives. The apportionment of seats in the House was based on the 2000 U.S. census.
The Democratic Party controlled a majority in both chambers for the first time since the end of the 103rd Congress in 1995. Although the Democrats held fewer than 50 Senate seats, they had an operational majority because the two independent senators caucused with the Democrats for organizational purposes. No Democratic-held seats had fallen to the Republican Party in the 2006 elections. Democrat Nancy Pelosi became the first woman Speaker of the House. The House also received the first Muslims and Buddhists in Congress.
Major events
Members debated initiatives such as the Democrats' 100-Hour Plan and the Iraq War troop surge of 2007.
Support for the Iraq War
Following President Bush's 2007 State of the Union Address, Congress debated his proposal to create a troop surge to increase security in Iraq. The House of Representatives passed a non-binding measure opposing the surge and then a $124 billion emergency spending measure to fund the war, which included language that dictated troop levels and withdrawal schedules. President Bush, however, vetoed the bill as promised, making this his second veto while in office. Both houses of Congress subsequently passed a bill funding the war without timelines, but with benchmarks for the Iraqi government and money for other spending projects like disaster relief.
Other events
- August 2, 2007 — The Republican minority disputed the results of a vote to recommit. This led to an investigation by the House Select Committee on Voting Irregularities.
- December 18, 2007 — The Senate set a record for the most cloture votes.
- November 4, 2008 — General elections - Democrats increased their congressional majorities and Senator Barack Obama was elected President.
Major legislation
| Contents: Enacted • Pending or failed • Vetoed |
These are partial lists of prominent enacted legislation and pending bills.
- See also: , Resume of Congressional Activity
Enacted
- February 2, 2007 — House Page Board Revision Act of 2007, ,
- May 25, 2007 — U.S. Troop Readiness, Veterans' Care, Katrina Recovery, and Iraq Accountability Appropriations Act, 2007, , , including Title VIII: Fair Minimum Wage Act of 2007,
- June 14, 2007 — Preserving United States Attorney Independence Act of 2007, ,
- July 26, 2007 — Foreign Investment and National Security Act of 2007, ,
- August 3, 2007 — Implementing Recommendations of the 9/11 Commission Act of 2007, ,
- August 5, 2007 — Protect America Act of 2007, ,
- September 14, 2007 — Honest Leadership and Open Government Act, ,
- November 8, 2007 — Water Resources Development Act of 2007, , - Veto Overridden
- December 19, 2007 — Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007, ,
- February 13, 2008 — Economic Stimulus Act of 2008, ,
- May 21, 2008 — Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act, ,
- May 22, 2008 — Food and Energy Security Act of 2007 (2007 Farm Bill), , - Veto Overridden
- June 30, 2008 — Supplemental Appropriations Act of 2008, , , including Title V: Post-9/11 Veterans Educational Assistance Act of 2008 ("G.I. Bill 2008")
- July 10, 2008 — FISA Amendments Act of 2008, ,
- July 29, 2008 — Tom Lantos Block Burmese JADE (Junta's Anti-Democratic Efforts) Act of 2008, ,
- July 30, 2008 — Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008, ,
- October 3, 2008 — Public Law 110-343 , , including:
- October 15, 2008 — : Setting the the beginning of the first session of the 111th Congress and the date for counting Electoral College votes,
- December 19, 2008 — : A Saxbe fix, reducing the compensation and other emoluments attached to the office of Secretary of State to that which was in effect on January 1, 2007: allowing Hillary Clinton to serve as Secretary of State despite the Emoluments Clause of the United States Constitution.
, via THOMAS
Proposed, but not enacted
- in (alphabetical order)
Vetoed
Select committees
Hearings
Party summary
Senate Membership changed with one death and two resignations.
| Affiliation | Party | Total |
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| | Democratic | Independent | Republican | Vacant
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| End of previous Congress | 44 | 1 | 55 | 100 | 0
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| | Begin | 49 | 2 | 49 | 100 | 0
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| June 4, 2007 | 48 | 99 | 1
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| June 25, 2007 | 49 | 100 | 0
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| December 18, 2007 | 48 | 99 | 1
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| December 31, 2007 | 49 | 100 | 0
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| November 16, 2008 | 48 | 99 | 1
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| Final voting share | 50.5% | 49.5% |
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| | Beginning of the next Congress | 55 | 2 | 41 | 98 | 2
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House of Representatives
Membership fluctuated with seven deaths and eight resignations. Democrats achieved a net gain of three seats as a result of their victories in special elections. See Changes in membership, below.
| Affiliation | Party | Total |
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| | Democratic | Republican | Vacant
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| End of previous Congress | 202 | 229 | 432 | 2
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| | Begin | 233 | 202 | 435 | 0
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| February 13, 2007 | 201 | 434 | 1
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| April 22, 2007 | 232 | 433 | 2
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| July 1, 2007 | 231 | 432 | 3
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| July 25, 2007 | 202 | 433 | 2
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| September 4, 2007 | 232 | 434 | 1
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| September 5, 2007 | 201 | 433 | 2
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| October 10, 2007 | 200 | 432 | 3
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| October 18, 2007 | 233 | 433 | 2
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| November 26, 2007 | 199 | 432 | 3
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| December 13, 2007 | 201 | 434 | 1
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| December 15, 2007 | 232 | 433 | 2
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| December 31, 2007 | 200 | 432 | 3
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| January 14, 2008 | 199 | 431 | 4
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| February 2, 2008 | 198 | 430 | 5
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| February 11, 2008 | 231 | 429 | 6
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| March 11, 2008 | 232 | 430 | 5
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| March 13, 2008 | 233 | 431 | 4
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| April 10, 2008 | 234 | 432 | 3
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| May 6, 2008 | 235 | 433 | 2
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| May 7, 2008 | 199 | 434 | 1
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| May 20, 2008 | 236 | 435 | 0
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| May 31, 2008 | 235 | 434 | 1
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| June 19, 2008 | 236 | 435 | 0
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| August 20, 2008 | 235 | 434 | 1
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| November 19, 2008 | 236 | 435 | 0
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| November 24, 2008 | 198 | 434 | 1
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| January 2, 2009 | 235 | 433 | 2
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| Final voting share | 54.3% | 45.7% | |
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| Non-voting members | 4 | 1 | 5 | 0
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| | Beginning of next Congress | 256 | 178 | 434 | 1
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Leadership
| Contents: Senate: | Majority (Democratic) leadership • Minority (Republican) leadership | | House of Representatives: | Majority (Democratic) leadership • Minority (Republican) leadership |
Senate
Majority (Democratic) leadership
Minority (Republican) leadership
Counselor to the Minority Leader: Robert BennettRepublican Conference Chairman: Jon Kyl, until December 18, 2007Republican Policy Committee Chairman: Kay Bailey HutchisonRepublican Conference Vice Chair: John CornynNational Republican Senatorial Committeee Chair: John Ensign
House of Representatives
Majority (Democratic) leadership
Minority (Republican) leadership
Members
- Skip to House of Representatives, below
Senate
- Michael Enzi (R)
- Craig Thomas (R), until June 4, 2007
House of Representatives
for maps of congressional districts.
(5-2 Republican)
Alaska
(1 Republican)
(4–4 split)
(3-1 Democratic)
(34-19 Democratic)
(4-3 Democratic)
(4-1 Democratic)
(1 Republican)
(16-9 Republican)
(7-6 Republican)
(2 Democrats)
(2 Republicans)
- . William Sali (R)
- . Michael K. Simpson (R)
(10-9 Democratic, then 11-8 Democratic)
Indiana
(5-4 Democratic)
(3-2 Democratic)
(2–2 split)
(4-2 Republican)
(5-2 Republican, then 4-3 Republican)
(2 Democrats)
(6-2 Democratic)
(10 Democrats)
(9-6 Republican)
(5-3 Democratic)
(2–2 split, then 3-1 Democratic)
(5-4 Republican)
(1 Republican)
(3 Republicans)
Nevada
(2-1 Republican)
New Hampshire
(2 Democrats)
(7-6 Democratic)
New Mexico
(2-1 Republican)
(23-6 Democratic)
(7-6 Democratic)
. G. K. Butterfield (D)
. Bob Etheridge (D)
. Walter B. Jones (R)
. David Price (D)
. Virginia Foxx (R)
. Howard Coble (R)
. Mike McIntyre (D)
. Robin Hayes (R)
. Sue Wilkins Myrick (R)
. Patrick McHenry (R)
. Heath Shuler (D)
. Mel Watt (D)
. Brad Miller (D)
(1 Democrat)
. Earl Pomeroy (D)
(11-7 Republican)
. Steve Chabot (R)
. Jean Schmidt (R)
. Michael R. Turner (R)
. Jim Jordan (R)
. Paul Gillmor (R), until September 5, 2007
*Bob Latta (R), December 13, 2007–End
. Charlie Wilson (D)
. Dave Hobson (R)
. John A. Boehner (R)
. Marcy Kaptur (D)
. Dennis J. Kucinich (D)
. Stephanie Tubbs Jones (D), until August 20, 2008
*Marcia Fudge (D), November 19, 2008–End
. Pat Tiberi (R)
. Betty Sutton (D)
. Steve LaTourette (R)
. Deborah Pryce (R)
. Ralph S. Regula (R)
. Tim Ryan (D)
. Zack Space (D)
(4-1 Republican)
. John Sullivan (R)
. Dan Boren (D)
. Frank Lucas (R)
. Tom Cole (R)
. Mary Fallin (R)
(4-1 Democratic)
. David Wu (D)
. Greg Walden (R)
. Earl Blumenauer (D)
. Peter DeFazio (D)
. Darlene Hooley (D)
(11-8 Democratic)
. Bob Brady (D)
. Chaka Fattah (D)
. Phil English (R)
. Jason Altmire (D)
. John E. Peterson (R)
. Jim Gerlach (R)
. Joe Sestak (D)
. Patrick Murphy (D)
. Bill Shuster (R)
. Chris Carney (D)
. Paul E. Kanjorski (D)
. John Murtha (D)
. Allyson Schwartz (D)
. Michael F. Doyle (D)
. Charlie Dent (R)
. Joseph R. Pitts (R)
. Tim Holden (D)
. Tim Murphy (R)
. Todd Platts (R)
(2 Democrats)
. Patrick J. Kennedy (D)
. James Langevin (D)
(4-2 Republican)
. Henry E. Brown, Jr. (R)
. Joe Wilson (R)
. Gresham Barrett (R)
. Bob Inglis (R)
. John Spratt (D)
. Jim Clyburn (D)
(1 Democrat)
. Stephanie Herseth Sandlin (D)
(5-4 Democratic)
. David Davis (R)
. John Duncan (R)
. Zach Wamp (R)
. Lincoln Davis (D)
. Jim Cooper (D)
. Bart Gordon (D)
. Marsha Blackburn (R)
. John S. Tanner (D)
. Steve Cohen (D)
(19-13 Republican)
. Louie Gohmert (R)
. Ted Poe (R)
. Sam Johnson (R)
. Ralph Hall (R)
. Jeb Hensarling (R)
. Joe Barton (R)
. John Culberson (R)
. Kevin Brady (R)
. Al Green (D)
. Michael McCaul (R)
. Mike Conaway (R)
. Kay Granger (R)
. Mac Thornberry (R)
. Ron Paul (R)
. Rubén Hinojosa (D)
. Silvestre Reyes (D)
. Chet Edwards (D)
. Sheila Jackson-Lee (D)
. Randy Neugebauer (R)
. Charlie Gonzalez (D)
. Lamar S. Smith (R)
. Nick Lampson (D)
. Ciro Rodriguez (D)
. Kenny Marchant (R)
. Lloyd Doggett (D)
. Michael C. Burgess (R)
. Solomon P. Ortiz (D)
. Henry Cuellar (D)
. Gene Green (D)
. Eddie Bernice Johnson (D)
. John Carter (R)
. Pete Sessions (R)
(2-1 Republican)
. Rob Bishop (R)
. Jim Matheson (D)
. Chris Cannon (R)
(1 Democrat)
. Peter Welch (D)
(8-3 Republican, then 7-3 Republican)
. Jo Ann Davis (R), until October 6, 2007
*Rob Wittman (R), December 13, 2007–End
. Thelma Drake (R)
. Robert C. Scott (D)
. Randy Forbes (R)
. Virgil Goode (R)
. Bob Goodlatte (R)
. Eric Cantor (R)
. Jim Moran (D)
. Rick Boucher (D)
. Frank Wolf (R)
. Thomas M. Davis (R), until November 24, 2008
*Vacant, November 24, 2008 – End
(6-3 Democratic)
. Jay Inslee (D)
. Rick Larsen (D)
. Brian Baird (D)
. Doc Hastings (R)
. Cathy McMorris Rodgers (R)
. Norm Dicks (D)
. Jim McDermott (D)
. Dave Reichert (R)
. Adam Smith (D)
(2-1 Democratic)
. Alan Mollohan (D)
. Shelley Moore Capito (R)
. Nick Rahall (D)
(5-3 Democratic)
. Paul Ryan (R)
. Tammy Baldwin (D)
. Ron Kind (D)
. Gwen Moore (D)
. Jim Sensenbrenner (R)
. Tom Petri (R)
. Dave Obey (D)
. Steve Kagen (D)
Wyoming
(1 Republican)
. Barbara Cubin (R)
Non-voting members
. Eni Faleomavaega (D)
. Eleanor Holmes Norton (D)
. Madeleine Bordallo (D)
. Luis G. Fortuño (R and PNP), until January 2, 2009
*Vacant, January 2, 2009 – End
. Donna Christian-Christensen (D)
Changes in membership
Senate
| State | Vacator | Reason for Vacancy | Successor | Date of successor's taking office |
|---|
| Wyoming | Craig Thomas (R) | Died June 4, 2007 | John Barrasso (R) | June 22, 2007 | | Mississippi | Trent Lott (R) | Resigned December 18, 2007 | Roger Wicker (R) | December 31, 2007 | | Illinois | Barack Obama (D) | Resigned November 16, 2008 to focus on his transition as President-elect of the United States | Vacant until the next Congress |
House of Representatives
| District | Vacator | Reason for Vacancy | Successor | Date of successor's taking office |
|---|
| Georgia 10th | Charlie Norwood (R) | Died February 13, 2007 | Paul Broun (R) | July 25, 2007 | | California 37th | Juanita Millender-McDonald (D) | Died April 22, 2007 | Laura Richardson (D) | September 4, 2007 | | Massachusetts 5th | Marty Meehan (D) | Resigned July 1, 2007, to become Chancellor of University of Massachusetts Lowell | Niki Tsongas (D) | October 18, 2007 | | Ohio 5th | Paul Gillmor (R) | Died September 5, 2007 | Bob Latta (R) | December 13, 2007 | | Virginia 1st | Jo Ann Davis (R) | Died October 6, 2007 | Rob Wittman (R) | December 13, 2007 | | Illinois 14th | Dennis Hastert (R) | Resigned November 26, 2007 | Bill Foster (D) | March 11, 2008 | | Indiana 7th | Julia Carson (D) | Died December 15, 2007 | André Carson (D) | March 13, 2008 | | Mississippi 1st | Roger Wicker (R) | Resigned December 31, 2007, when appointed U.S. Senator | Travis Childers (D) | May 20, 2008 | | Louisiana 1st | Bobby Jindal (R) | Resigned January 14, 2008 to become Governor of Louisiana | Steve Scalise (R) | May 7, 2008 | | Louisiana 6th | Richard Baker (R) | Resigned February 2, 2008 to become President of the Managed Funds Association | Don Cazayoux (D) | May 6, 2008 | | California 12th | Tom Lantos (D) | Died February 11, 2008 | Jackie Speier (D) | April 10, 2008 | | Maryland 4th | Albert Wynn (D) | Resigned May 31, 2008, having lost re-nomination | Donna Edwards (D) | June 19, 2008 | | Ohio 11th | Stephanie Tubbs Jones (D) | Died August 20, 2008 | Marcia Fudge (D) | November 19, 2008
| | Virginia 11th | Thomas M. Davis (R) | Resigned November 24, 2008 in advance of his retirement | Vacant until the next Congress
| | Illinois's 5th | Rahm Emanuel (D) | Resigned January 2, 2009 to become White House Chief of Staff
| | Puerto Rico | Luis Fortuño (R and PNP) | Resigned January 2, 2009 to become Governor of Puerto Rico
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Employees
Architect of the Capitol:
*Alan M. Hantman (through February 2, 2007)
*Stephen T. Ayers (acting, February 2, 2007–End)
Attending Physician of the United States Congress: John F. Eisold
Senate
Chaplain: Barry C. Black
Curator: Diane K. Skvarla
Historian: Richard A. Baker
Parliamentarian: Alan Frumin
Secretary: Nancy Erickson
Sergeant at Arms: Terrance W. Gainer
Secretary for the Majority: Martin P. Paone (until January 23, 2008); Lula J. Davis, January 23, 2008–End.
Secretary for the Minority: David J. Schiappa
House of Representatives
Chaplain: Daniel P. Coughlin
Chief Administrative Officer: Daniel P. Beard (February 15, 2007–End)
*James M. Eagen, III (through February 15, 2007)
Clerk: Lorraine Miller (February 15, 2007–End)
*Karen L. Haas (through February 15, 2007)
Historian: Robert V. Remini
Parliamentarian: John V. Sullivan
Reading Clerks: Mary Kevin Niland, Susan Cole
* Paul Hays (1988–April 30, 2007)
Sergeant at Arms: Wilson Livingood
Inspector General: James J. Cornell
See also:
See also
Elections
United States congressional elections, 2006
House of Representatives elections for all members: United States House of Representatives elections, 2006
Senate elections for all three classes of Senators: United States Senate elections, 2002, United States Senate elections, 2004, United States Senate elections, 2006
Membership lists
Members of the 110th United States Congress
List of freshman class members of the 110th United States Congress
List of current United States Senators by age and generation
External links
from inogolo.com
from THOMAS at the Library of Congress
from the U.S. House of Representatives
from the U.S. Senate
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