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10 (number)
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10 (ten) is an even natural number following 9 and preceding 11.
is a composite number, its proper divisors being , and . Ten is the smallest noncototient, a number that can not be expressed as the difference between any integer and the total number of coprimes below it.
Ten is the second discrete biprime (2.5) and the second member of the (2.q) discrete biprime family. Ten has an aliquot sum s(n) of 8 and is accordingly the first discrete biprime to be in deficit.
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Encyclopedia
10 (ten) is an even natural number following 9 and preceding 11.
In mathematics
Ten is a composite number, its proper divisors being , and . Ten is the smallest noncototient, a number that can not be expressed as the difference between any integer and the total number of coprimes below it.
Ten is the second discrete biprime (2.5) and the second member of the (2.q) discrete biprime family. Ten has an aliquot sum s(n) of 8 and is accordingly the first discrete biprime to be in deficit. All subsequent discrete biprimes are in deficit. The aliquot sequence for 10 comprises five members (10,8,7,1,0) with this number being the second composite member of the 7-aliquot tree.
It is the aliquot sum of only one number the discrete biprime 14.
Ten is a semi-meandric number.
Ten is the sum of the first three prime numbers and also of the first four factorials. Ten is the eighth Perrin number, preceded in the sequence by 5, 5, 7.
Ten squared equals 100.
A polygon with ten sides is a decagon, and 10 is a decagonal number. But it is also a triangular number and a centered triangular number.
Ten is the number of n-Queens Problem solutions for n = 5.
In numeral systems
Ten is the base of the decimal numeral system, by far the most common system of denoting numbers in both spoken and written language. Ten is the first two-digit number in decimal and thus the lowest number where the position of a numeral affects its value. Any integer written in the decimal system can be multiplied by ten by adding a zero to the end (e.g. 855 * 10 = 8550). The reason for the choice of ten is assumed to be that humans have ten fingers (digits).
The digit '1' followed by '0' is how the value of p is written in base p. (E.g. 16 in hexadecimal is 10.)
The Roman numeral for ten is X (which looks like two V's [the Roman numeral for 5] put together); it is thought that the V for five is derived from an open hand (five digits displayed). The Chinese word numeral for ten is ?, which resembles a cross.
Counting
1,
2,
3,
4,
5,
6,
7,
8,
9,
10
Ten is a Harshad number in bases 2, 3, 5, 6, 9 and all others above.
List of basic calculations
| Division | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 |
|---|
| | 10 | 5 | | 2.5 | 2 | | | 1.25 | | 1 | | | | | | |
|---|
| | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 1 | | 1.1 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.5 |
|---|
In science
Astronomy
- The Saros of the solar eclipse series which began on -2467 February 28 and ended on -1169 April 18. The duration of Saros series 10 was 1298.1 years, and it contained 73 solar eclipses.
- The Saros of the lunar eclipse series which began on -2454 June 17 and ended on -1138 August 15. The duration of Saros series 10 was 1316.2 years, and it contained 74 lunar eclipses.
In religion
- The Ten Commandments of and are considered a cornerstone of Judaism and Christianity.
- People traditionally tithed one-tenth of their produce. The practice of tithing is still common in Christian churches today, though it is disputed in some circles as to whether or not it is required of Christians.
- In Deuteronomy 26:12, the Torah commands Jews to give one-tenth of their produce to the poor (Maaser Ani). From this verse and from an earlier verse (Deut. 14:22) there derives a practice for Jews to give one-tenth of all earnings to the poor .
- Ten Plagues were inflicted on Egypt in
- Jews observe the annual Ten Days of Repentance beginning on Rosh Hashanah and ending on Yom Kippur.
- In Jewish liturgy, Ten Martyrs are singled out as a group.
- There are said to be Ten Lost Tribes of Israel (those other than Judah and Benjamin)
- There are Ten Sephirot in the Kabbalistic Tree of Life
- The Bible records 10 generations between Adam and Noah, and 10 generations between Noah and Abraham
- In Judaism, ten adults are the required quorum for prayer services.
In money
- There are ten cents in a U.S. or Canadian dime, itself one tenth of a dollar. The word was shortened from decime.
- The denomination of Canadian paper money bearing a portrait of Sir John A. Macdonald, Canada's first Prime Minister.
- The denomination of U.S. paper money bearing a portrait of Alexander Hamilton, America's first Secretary of the Treasury.
In music
- The interval of a major or minor tenth is an octave plus a major or minor third.
- The title of quite a few albums, including recordings by Pearl Jam and LL Cool J. See Ten (album).
- The number of violin sonatas composed by Ludwig van Beethoven
In sports and games
- In rugby union the fly-half wears the 10 shirt.
- In blackjack, the Ten, Jack, Queen and King are all worth 10 points.
- In ten-pin bowling 10 pins are arranged in a triangular pattern and there are 10 frames per game.
- In football (soccer), the jersey number of many of the best players, particularly attacking midfielders, especially players from South America. Football legend Diego Maradona instilled great prestige in the number in the 1980s and 90s. Other legends to have worn the number are Michel Platini, Ferenc Puskás, Zico, Pele, Lothar Matthäus, Gary Lineker, Roberto Baggio, Zinedine Zidane, Rivaldo, Ronaldinho, Dennis Bergkamp, Michael Owen, Juan Román Riquelme, Rui Costa, Francesco Totti, Denis Law, Gheorghe Hagi, Zvonimir Boban, William Gallas, and Michelle Akers. For the 2002 World Cup Argentina requested to have the number 10 'retired' from their squad list and replaced by 24 in honour of Diego Maradona. FIFA rejected this request saying that Argentina could only leave 10 off the squad list if they intended to enter a squad of 22 players rather than the permitted 23. Argentina decided to bring 23 players to Japan & Korea with Ariel Ortega given the coveted 10. 'Number 10' player is most often used as a synonym for the team's playmaker.
- The highest score possible in Olympics competitions.
- In cricket, 10 is the number of wickets required to be taken by the bowling side for the batting side to be bowled out
- In Australian rules football, considered the break even amount of games won in a regular 22 game season, especially by Richmond coach Terry Wallace.
- In Baseball there are always at least 10 players on the field at a time (including the batter).
- The number of Baseball Hall of Famer and former New York Yankees Shortstop Phil Rizzuto
- The NASCAR car number of Scott Riggs
- NFL quarterbacks Eli Manning (New York Giants), Vince Young (Tennessee Titans), and Brady Quinn (Cleveland Browns) wear #10
In technology
In other fields
- Current number of incarnations of The Doctor in the BBC science fiction television programme Doctor Who
- Increasing a quantity by one order of magnitude is most widely understood to mean multiplying the quantity by ten.
- The number of theatrical Star Trek films that have been released so far.
- A collection of ten items (most often ten years) is called a decade.
- A decapod crustacean has ten limbs.
- To reduce something by one-tenth is to decimate. (In ancient Rome, the killing of one in ten soldiers in a cohort was the punishment for cowardice or mutiny; or, one-tenth of the able-bodied men in a village as a form of retribution, thus causing a labor shortage and threat of starvation in agrarian societies.)
- With ten being the base of the decimal system, a scale of 1 to 10 is often used to rank things, as a smaller version of a 1-to-100 scale (as is used in percentages and wine-tasting).
- Blake Edwards' 1979 movie 10.
- Something that scores perfectly is "a perfect ten". A person who is attractive and physically flawless is often said to be "a ten", from the idea of ranking that person's appearance and sex-appeal on a 1-to-10 scale. For example, in the movie 10 Bo Derek is supposedly a "10" on that scale.
- Counting from one to ten before speaking is often done in order to cool one's temper.
- In astrology, Capricorn is the 10th astrological sign of the Zodiac.
- In Chinese astrology, the 10 Heavenly Stems, refer to a cyclic number system that is used also for time reckoning.
- The ordinal adjective is denary.
- An online show hosted by Microsoft.
- Ben 10 is a show about a boy that can transform into 10 aliens.
- A 1977 short documentary film Powers of Ten depicts the relative scale of the Universe in factors of ten (orders of magnitude).
- CBS has a game show called Power of 10, where the player's prize goes up and down by either the previous or next power of ten.
- There are ten official inkblots in the Rorschach inkblot test.
- The traditional Snellen chart uses 10 different letters.
Ten is:
Historical years
10 A.D., 10 B.C., 1910, 2010, etc.
See also
External links
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