753 The city of Rome and the Roman Kingdom is founded by Romulus (according to tradition). Beginning of the Roman 'Ab urbe condita' calendar.
673 Tullus Hostilius becomes the third king of Rome.
642 Ancus Marcius becomes the fourth king of Rome (traditional date).
616 Lucius Tarquinius Priscus becomes the fifth king of Rome.
534 Lucius Tarquinius Superbus becomes seventh king of Rome, after murdering the sixth king Servius Tullius;
509 The temple of Jupiter on Rome's Capitoline Hill is dedicated on the ides of September.
508 Office of ''pontifex maximus'' created in Rome.
390 Battle of the Allia: Gauls, under Brennus, defeat the Roman army. This leads to the capture and sack of Rome. Although he raised an army in outlying districts, the again dictator Marcus Furius Camillus got rid of the Gauls by paying a large tribute.
390 Battle of the Allia: Gauls, under Brennus, defeat the Roman army. This leads to the capture and sack of Rome. Although he raised an army in outlying districts, the again dictator Marcus Furius Camillus got rid of the Gauls by paying a large tribute.
70 In Rome, Cicero prosecutes former governor Verres; Verres exiles himself to Marseille before the trial is over.
46 Cicero, in Rome, writes to Varro "If our voices are no longer heard in the Senate and in the Forum, let us follow the example of the ancient sages and serve our country through our writings, concentrating on questions of ethics and constitutional law."
44 Octavian returns from Apollonia in Dalmatia to Rome to take up Caesar's inheritance, against advice from Atia (his mother and Caesar's niece) and consular step-father Phillipus.
44 (the ''Ides of March'') - Julius Caesar, dictator of Rome, is assassinated by a group of Roman senators, amongst them Gaius Cassius Longinus, Marcus Junius Brutus, and Caesar's Massilian naval commander, Decimus Brutus. Caesar's famous last quote - coined by William Shakespeare in his play ''Julius Caesar'' - was most likely ''not'' spoken (see: "''Et tu, Brute?''").
1 Silk appears in Rome [The Silkroad Foundation's ].
3 Lucius Aelius Lamia is consul of Rome
5 Rome acknowledges Cunobelinus, King of the Catuvellauni, as King of Britain.
6 Due to a food shortage in Rome, Augustus doubles the corn rations distributed to the people.
8 Roman poet Ovid is banished from Rome and exiled to the Black Sea near Tomis (present-day Constanta).
8 Tincomarus, deposed king of the Atrebates, flees Britain for Rome; Eppillus becomes king.
13 Tiberius made his triumphant procession through Rome after siege of Germany.
15 In Rome, the selection of civil servants passes from the people to the Emperor and the Senate.
19 Tiberius expels the Egyptians from Rome, and deports 4,000 Jews from Sicily.
26 The Emperor Tiberius retires to Capri, leaving the praetorian prefect Sejanus in charge of both Rome and the Empire.
27 Fire in Rome.
27 Apricots are brought to Rome from Asia.
31 Tiberius returns to Rome from Capri.
33 Tiberius founds a credit bank in Rome.
33 A financial crisis hits Rome, due to poorly chosen fiscal policies. Land values plummet, and credit is increased. These actions lead to a lack of cash, a crisis of confidence, and much land speculation. The primary victims are senators, knights and the wealthy. Many aristocratic families are ruined.
35 Pliny the Elder brought to Rome before this year.
36 Pontius Pilate is recalled to Rome after putting down a Samaritan uprising.
39 Agrippa I, king of Iudaea, is recalled to Rome.
45 The emperor Claudius expels the Jews from Rome.
45 The Senate hold consultations regarding real estate speculation in Rome
51 Caratacus, British resistance leader, is captured and taken to Rome.
52 Ananias, a high priest in Jerusalem, is sent to Rome after being accused of violen
56 Publius Clodius Thrasea Paetus becomes a consul in Rome.
62 Paul of Tarsus is imprisoned in Rome (approximate date).
70 Frontinus is praetor of Rome.
70 Roman general and future Roman Emperor, Titus, destroys the Jewish Temple in Jerusalem, leaving erect only the famous Western Wall. Rome stations troops in Jerusalem and abolishes the Jewish high priesthood and Sanhedrin. This becomes known as the Fall of Jerusalem, a conclusive event in the First Jewish-Roman War. Following this event, the Jewish religious leadership moves from Jerusalem to Jamnia (present day Yavne), and the destruction is mourned annually as the Jewish fast of Tisha B'Av.
79 Roman Emperor Titus dedicates the famous Roman Colosseum.
82 Dio Chrysostom is banished from Rome, Italy, and Bithynia after advising one of the Emperor's conspiring relatives.
94 The Roman poet Statius retires to Naples from Rome.
95 Frontinus is appointed superintendent of the aqueducts (''curator aquarum'') in Rome.
113 Trajan's Column is erected in Rome.
125 Construction of the Pantheon (Rome) as it stands today by Hadrian.
141 Construction of the Temple of Antoninus and Faustina in Rome, after the death of Faustina.
177 A systematic persecution of Christians begins in Rome under Marcus Aurelius. Many Christians worship secretly.
190 A part of Rome burns, and emperor Commodus orders the city to be rebuilt under the name ''Colonia Commodiana''.
212 Construction begins on the Baths of Caracalla in Rome.
216 The Baths of Caracalla in Rome are completed.
273 Marcus Claudius Tacitus, future Roman Emperor, is consul in Rome.
309 Pope Marcellus I is banished from Rome, as is his successor Eusebius later that year.
324 St Peter's Church, Rome, founded.
340 Constantinople, capital of Emperor Constantius II becomes the largest city of the world, taking the lead from Rome, capital of Emperor Constans.
360 St. Jerome is baptized in Rome (possible date).
381 A deputation from the Roman Senate delivers to Gratianus the robe of the Pontifex Maximus, which had been worn by every Roman Emperor since Augustus. He refuses to accept this insignia, insulting the pagan aristocrats of Rome.
410 Visigoths' sack of Rome ends. They depart with countless valuables, including spoils of the Temple in Jerusalem brought to Rome by Titus. This marks the first time since 390 BC that Rome had been sacked.
410 Visigoths' sack of Rome ends. They depart with countless valuables, including spoils of the Temple in Jerusalem brought to Rome by Titus. This marks the first time since 390 BC that Rome had been sacked.
434 lavius A
455 Gaiseric leads the Vandals into Rome and plunders the city for a period lasting for two weeks.
485 Peter the Fuller is excommunicated by a synod in Rome.
499 During a synod in Rome, Pope Symmachus makes Antipope Laurentius bishop of Nocera in Campania.
536 Belisarius enters in Rome.
545 The Ostrogoths besiege Rome.
549 The Ostrogoths under Totila recapture Rome.
552 Battle of Taginae: General Narses defeats and kills Totila, king of the Ostrogoths. Teia succeeds the deceased Monarch but Narses manages to recapture Rome by the end of the year.
589 Plague in Rome.
607 The Pantheon in Rome is made a church.
688 King Caedwalla of Wessex abdicates the throne and goes on a pilgrimage to Rome.
698 At the Synod of Aquileia, the bishops of the diocese of Aquileia decided to end the Schism of the Three Chapters and return to communion with Rome.
709 Ceolred becomes king of Mercia after his cousin Cenred abdicates to become a monk in Rome
726 King Ine of Wessex resigns his crown and leaves for Rome. He is succeeded by
738 Saint Boniface visits Rome, and goes on to establish bishopries in Bavaria
771 Austrasian King Carloman dies, leaving his brother Charlemagne king of the now complete Frank kingdom (Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne Emperor of the Franks at Rome on Christmas Day, 800).
799 Pope Leo III, aided by Charles the Great, returns to Rome.
800 December 25, Rome, coronation of Charles the Great (Charlemagne) as emperor by Pope Leo III.
854 First known pilgrimage to Rome of a Welsh ruler (Cyngen of Powys).
864 Louis II marches against Rome, but getting ill decides on making peace with the Pope.
884 A resident of Rome is elected Pope Adrian III.
928 Marozia and Guy of Tuscany seize power in Rome, imprisoning and then killing Pope John X
1000 Emperor Otto III makes pilgrimage from Rome to Aachen and Gniezno (Gnesen), stopping at Regensburg, Meissen, Magdeburg, and Gniezno. Congress of Gniezno (with Boleslaw I Chrobry) was part of pilgrimage. In Rome, he builds the basilica of San Bartolomeo all'Isola, to host the relics of St. Bartholomew.
1000 Emperor Otto III makes pilgrimage from Rome to Aachen and Gniezno (Gnesen), stopping at Regensburg, Meissen, Magdeburg, and Gniezno. Congress of Gniezno (with Boleslaw I Chrobry) was part of pilgrimage. In Rome, he builds the basilica of San Bartolomeo all'Isola, to host the relics of St. Bartholomew.
1006 Aelfheah (St. Alphege) goes to Pope John XVIII at Rome for his pallium and becomes archbishop of Canterbury.
1022 Aethelnoth, Archbishop of Canterbury, received at Rome
1048 Benedict IX driven from Rome, ending his third and final pontificate.
1084 Rome is besieged by the Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV, and is then sacked by the Normans of Robert Guiscard, who intended to restore papal authority over the city.
1165 Pope Alexander III enters Rome.
1217 Peter of Courtenay crowned emperor of the Latin Empire of Constantinople at Rome, by Pope Honorius III
1253 Pope Innocent IV returns to Rome, having left nine years earlier in 1244 to depose Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, and being unable to return until after Frederick's death due to the agitation throughout Europe caused by that action.
1254 The Horses of Saint Mark, once supposed to have adorned the Arch of Trajan in ancient Rome, are installed at Saint Mark's Basilica in Venice.
1288 The oldest surviving bell in the clocks atop the dome of St. Peter's Basilica in Rome dates to 1288.
1328 Nicholas V is consecrated at St Peter's Basilica in Rome by the bishop of Venice.
1354 Cola di Rienzo, self-proclaimed "tribune" of Rome, is killed by an angry mob.
1355 Charles IV crowned emperor in Rome.
1376 Catherine of Siena visits Pope Gregory XI in Avignon, convincing him to move the Papacy back to Rome
1377 January 17
1378 Pope Urban VI (Bartolomeo Prignano, archbishop of Bari) elected. In the Great Schism the papacy moves from Avignon to Rome, ending the Avignon Papacy.
1379 Robert of Geneva, the "butcher of Cesena" was elected as Pope Clement VII. This led to a schism in the Catholic church with one pope in Rome (Pope Gregory XI and the antipope (Clement VII) in Avignon.
1449 Constantine XI is crowned Byzantine Emperor. He will be the last in a line of rulers that can be traced to the founding of Rome.
1527 Spanish and German troops led by the Duke of Bourbon sack Rome (the infamous Sacco di Roma), forcing Pope Clement VII to make peace with Charles V.
1529 Giorgio Vasari visits Rome.
1561 Michelangelo Buonarroti finishes ''Santa Maria degli Angeli e dei Martiri'' in Rome
1600 Giordano Bruno burned at the stake for heresy in Rome
1633 Galileo Galilei arrives in Rome for his trial before the Inquisition.
1644 Pope Innocent X is elected to the Papacy, in Rome.
1823 Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls in Rome almost completely destroyed by fire
1844 Debut of Giuseppe Verdi's ''I due Foscari'', at Teatro Argentina, Rome.
1849 Giuseppe Garibaldi enters in Rome to defend it from the French troops of General Oudinot.
1849 French troops occupy Rome. Roman Republic surrenders.
1853 Giuseppe Verdi's opera ''Il Trovatore'' premieres in Rome
1860 Victor Emmanuel, King of Sardinia seizes the whole of the Papal States except Rome (see Vatican City) and unites Italy.
1867 October 27
1870 With ''Bersaglieri'' soldiers entering Rome at Porta Pia, the unification of Italy is completed. End of the last remnant of the Papal States.
1870 Referendum in Rome supports joining the Italy with 133681 against 1500. Decision is made official October 6. Rome becomes the capital of unified Italy.
1870 Referendum in Rome supports joining the Italy with 133681 against 1500. Decision is made official October 6. Rome becomes the capital of unified Italy.
1907 Maria Montessori opens her first school and daycare center for working class children in Rome (''Casa dei Bambini'' in San Lorenzo).
1920 In Rome, Pope Benedict XV canonizes Joan of Arc as a saint.
1922 In Italy, with the March on Rome, Fascism obtains power and Benito Mussolini becomes prime minister
1924 Fascists kidnap and kill Italian socialist leader Giacomo Matteotti in Rome.
1943 World War II: Rome is bombed by the Allies for the first time in the war.
1944 American, English and French troops enter Rome.
1944 Rome falls to the Allies. It is the first capital of an Axis nation to fall.
1957 Treaty of Rome (patto di Roma) establishes the European Economic Community (EEC); see EU.
1960 August 25
1961 Italian sculptor Alfredo Fioravanti marches into the U.S. Consulate in Rome, and confesses that he was part of the team that forged the Etruscan terracotta warriors in the Metropolitan Museum of Art.
1963 The second period of Second Vatican Council in Rome opens.
1972 In Rome, Laszlo Toth attacks Michelangelo's Pieta statue with a sledgehammer, shouting that he is Jesus Christ.
1973 The grandson of J. Paul Getty is kidnapped in Rome.
1978 In Rome, the body of Aldo Moro, the Italian president of the Christian-Democrats, is found in a parked car.
1981 Pope John Paul II is shot at and nearly killed by Mehmet Ali Agca, a Turkish gunman, as he entered St. Peter's Square in Rome to address a general audience (Two days after Christmas in 1983, Pope John Paul goes to the prison to meet and forgive his would-be assassin).
1985 TWA Flight 847, carrying 153 passengers on a flight from Athens to Rome, is hijacked by a fringe group of Hezbollah. One passenger, US Navy Petty Officer Robert Stethem, is killed.
1985 Rome and Vienna airport attacks: Abu Nidal terrorists open fire in the airports of Rome and Vienna, leaving 18 dead and 120 injured.
1986 A bomb explodes on a TWA flight from Rome to Athens; 4 people are killed.
1996 Art forger Eric Hebborn is assassinated in Rome, Italy.
1999 In Rome, Hicham El Guerrouj runs the fastest mile ever recorded - a mere 3:43:13.
2004 European heads of state sign in Rome the Treaty and Final Act establishing the first European Constitution.