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78 Kanishka I (78-144), reigns over the Tocharian Empire of Kusana (Afghanistan and Northern India). He is a renowned conqueror and wise administrator.
241 The ancient city of Bagram (in present-day Afghanistan) is abandoned.
651 Arabs invade Afghanistan and capture Herat.
963 Turkish Khan Sebük Tigin established his empire in modern day Afghanistan.
1747 Kandahar taken from Nadir Shah by Ahmad Shah Durrani, and becomes the first capital of the newly-independent Afghanistan
1750 Ahmad Shah's army, retreating from Persia, is said to have lost 18,000 men near what is present-day Herat, Afghanistan from cold in a single night.
1809 Shoja Shah of Afghanistan signs a treaty with the British. Only weeks later, he is succeeded by Mahmud Shah.
1842 Massacre of Elphinstone's British army on the road from Kabul to Jalalabad, Afghanistan, by Akbar Khan, son of Dost Mohammed Khan
1869 Abdur Rahman Khan is exiled from Afghanistan.
1880 The British recognise Abdur Rahman Khan as amir of Afghanistan.
1919 August 19 — Afghanistan gains independence from the United Kingdom.
1926 Afghanistan declares monarchy.
1929 Civil war in Afghanistan
1934 Afghanistan joins the League of Nations
1946 Afghanistan, Iceland and Sweden join the United Nations
1978 Afghanistan President Daoud Khan is killed during a military coup - Nur Mohammed Taraki succeeds him.
1978 The Democratic Republic of Afghanistan is proclaimed, under pro-communist leader Nur Mohammed Taraki.
1979 In Kabul, Muslim extremists kidnap the American ambassador to Afghanistan, Adolph Dubs, who is later killed during a gunfight between his kidnappers and poli
1979 The Soviet Union invades Afghanistan.
1979 The Soviet Union seizes control of Afghanistan, and Babrak Karmal replaces overthrown and executed President Hafizullah Amin.
1980 U.S. President Jimmy Carter signs a bill requiring 19- and 20-year old males to register for a peacetime military draft, in response to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan.
1982 A gasoline tanker explodes in the Salang Tunnel in Afghanistan, killing at least 2,000 people.
1988 In the Geneva accords, the Soviet Union commits itself to withdrawal of its forces from Afghanistan.
1988 Soviet war in Afghanistan: After more than 8 years of fighting, the Red Army begins its withdrawal from Afghanistan.
1989 Soviet war in Afghanistan: The Soviet Union officially announces that all of its troops have left Afghanistan.
1998 An earthquake measuring 6.1 on the Richter Scale in northeast Afghanistan kills more than 5,000.
1998 A 6.6 magnitude earthquake hits northern Afghanistan, killing up to 5,000.
1998 1998 U.S. embassy bombings: The United States military launches cruise missile attacks against alleged Al-Qaeda camps in Afghanistan and a suspected chemical plant in Sudan in retaliation for the August 7 bombings of American embassies in Kenya and Tanzania. The al-Shifa pharmaceutical factory in Khartoum is destroyed in the attack.
1998 A court in Taliban-controlled Afghanistan declares accused terrorist Osama bin Laden "a man without a sin" in regard to the 1998 U.S. embassy bombings in Kenya and Tanzania.
1999 Indian Airlines Flight 814, en route from Kathmandu, Nepal to Delhi, India is hijacked and taken to Kandahar, Afghanistan.
2001 A suicide bomber wounds Ahmed Shah Massoud, military commander of the Northern Alliance in Afghanistan. He dies September 14.
2001 The United States invades Afghanistan, with participation from the United Kingdom.
2001 2001 Attack on Afghanistan: Taliban forces abandon Kabul, the capital of Afghanistan, ahead of advancing Northern Alliance troops (Northern Alliance fighters take Kabul on November 14)
2001 Hamid Karzai is sworn in as head of the interim government in Afghanistan.
2002 U.S. invasion of Afghanistan: In eastern Afghanistan, Operation Anaconda begins.
2002 Four Canadian infantrymen are killed in Afghanistan by friendly fire from 2 U.S. F-16s.
2002 A car bomb kills at least 30 people in Afghanistan, and an apparent assassination attempt on Afghan President Hamid Karzai fails the same day.
2004 Direct elections for president are held for the first time in Afghanistan. Interim president Hamid Karzai is eventually declared the winner.
2005 A blast at an illegal munitions store in northern Afghanistan kills 28 people and injures at least 13 others.
2005 An Australian photojournalist in Afghanistan, Stephen Dupont, films U.S. soldiers burning 2 dead Taliban militias' bodies.
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