Pennsylvania Dutch The Pennsylvania Dutch are descendants of German speaking immigrants who came to Pennsylvania in the early 1700s. Pennsylvania Dutch were historically speakers of the Pennsylvania German language. They are a people of various religious affiliations, often of Anabaptist origins, living primarily in southeastern Pennsylvania, with cultural traditions dating back to the Germany immigrations to United States in the 17th century and 18th century.
	Pennsylvanian The Pennsylvanian is an epoch of the Carboniferous geologic time scale lasting from roughly 325 annum to 299 Ma . As with most other geologic periods, the stratum beds that define the period are well identified, but the exact date of the start and end are uncertain by a few million years.
	Penny A penny is a unit of currency or a coin used in several English language-speaking countries: * 1/100 of the United Kingdom Pound Sterling or the Irish pound, or a coin with that value: see history of the English penny. * 1/240 of the British pound sterling or Irish pound prior to February 15, 1971, of the Pound Scots prior to 1707, and also the pre-decimalisation currencies of Australia, New Zealand and South Africa, or a coin of that value.
	Penny Ante Penny Ante is a List of The Price Is Right pricing games on the United States television game show The Price Is Right. It is played a prize worth more than $3,000, and uses grocery items. The game is currently on hiatus.
	Pennyroyal The herb Pennyroyal tea has been traditionally employed as an emmenagogue to promote menstrual flow, and as an abortifacient to initiate self-abortion. Pennyroyal tea may safely stimulate mild increase in menstrual flow, but the oil is very different and can be used to induce abortion. However it should not be used to self-abort since complications can always occur: in 1978, a pregnant woman died after consuming two tablespoonfuls of Pennyroyal oil, and in 1994, another death occurred after a pregnant woman consumed tea containing Pe
	Penobscot The Penobscot are a sovereign people indigenous to what is now the northeastern U.S. and Maritime Canada, particularly Maine. They were and are a significant participant in the historical and present Abenaki confederacy, along with the Passamaquoddy, Maliseet and Mi'kmaq nations.
	Penobscot River The Penobscot River is 350 mi long, making it the second longest river in the U.S. state of Maine and the longest river entirely in Maine. It rises in four branches in several lakes in the central Maine, and flows generally east. After the uniting of the branches, it flows south, past the city of Bangor, Maine, where it becomes navigable.
	Penstemon Penstemon is a large genus of North American plants traditionally placed in the Scrophulariaceae family. Due to new genetic research it has now been placed in the vastly expanded family Plantaginaceae. They have opposite leaves, partly tube-shaped and two-lipped flowers and seed capsules.
	Penstock Penstocks are sluices or floodgates or intake structures that control water flow, or enclosed pipes that deliver water to hydraulic turbines and sewerage systems. Penstocks for hydroelectric installations are normally equipped with a gate system and a surge tank.
	Pentad The pentad, was used by the as a secret sign to recognize each other. It represents the number five, life, power and invulnerability. Hemenway, Priya Divine Proportion pp.56, Sterling Publishing, ISBN 1-4027-3522-7 See also *Monad *Dyad *Triad
	Pentaerythritol Pentaerythritol is a polyol used in the fabrication of PETN, alkyd resins, varnish, polyvinyl chloride stabilizers, tall oil esters, olefin antioxidants, and pentaerythritol triacrylate.
	Pentagon In geometry, a pentagon is any five-sided polygon. However, the term is commonly used to mean a regular pentagon, where all sides are equal and all angles are equal . Its Schlfli symbol is . The area of a regular pentagon with side length a is given by
	Pentagram A pentagram is a five-pointed star drawn with five straight strokes. The word pentagram comes from the Greek language word pe?t???a??, a noun form of pe?t???a?? or pe?t???a??, a word meaning roughly "five-lined" or "five lines". Pentagrams were used symbolically in ancient Greece and Babylonia.
	Pentastomida The Pentastomida are a group of parasite invertebrates commonly known as tongue worms due to the resemblance of some species to a vertebrate tongue. There are about 100 extant species of pentastomids; all are obligate parasites with correspondingly degenerate anatomy.
	Pentatonic scale In music, a pentatonic scale is a scale with five notes per octave. Pentatonic scales are very common and are found all over the world, including but not limited to the tuning of the Ethiopian krar and the Indonesian gamelan, the melodies of African-American spiritual, Celtic music and the music of French composer Claude Debussy.
	Pentazocine Pentazocine is a synthetically-prepared narcotic drug used to treat mild to moderate pain. Pentazocine is sold under several brand names, such as Talwin. In the 1980s, recreational drug users discovered that combining pentazocine with the antihistamine tripellenamine produced a euphoric sensation much like that brought on by heroin, and users who were already addicted to the latter often used this combination when heroin was unavailable to them.
	Pentecost Pentecost or Pentecost Sunday is a feast on the Christianity liturgical calendar that commemorates the descent of the Holy Spirit upon the Apostles and women followers of Jesus, fifty days after Easter, and ten days after Ascension Thursday.
	Pentlandite Pentlandite is an iron-nickel sulfide,9S8. Pentlandite usually has a Ni:Fe ratio of close to 1:1. It also contains minor cobalt. It is named after the Republic of Ireland scientist Joseph Barclay Pentland, who first noted the mineral. Pentlandite forms Cubic crystals, but is normally found in massive granular aggregates.
	Pentobarbital Pentobarbital is a short acting barbiturate that is available as both a free acid and a sodium salt, the former of which is only slightly soluble in water and ethanol. One trade name for this drug is Nembutal®, coined by Dr. John S. Lundy, who started using it in 1930, from the structural formula of the sodium salt—Na + ethyl + methyl + butyl + al.
	Penumbra The penumbra is that part of the shadow where the light source is only partially blocked. Part of the light passes through the edges of the object causing a partial shadow. The penumbra is the portion of a shadow that results from the source of lighting being only partially blocked.
	Peony The peony or paeony is the sole genus in the flowering plant family Paeoniaceae. They are native to Asia, southern Europe and western North America. Most are herbaceous perennial plants 0.51.5 metres tall, but some are woody plant shrubs up to 1.53 metres tall.
	People A people is a group of individuals who belong to and function within a particular society. In common usage, the term people may be synonymous with human, or otherwise may carry an exclusive meaning. In general, the word people is a collective noun used to define a specific group of humans.
	People's Liberation Army The Chinese People's Liberation Army , which includes an army, navy, air force, and strategic nuclear weapon forces, serves as the military of the People's Republic of China . Its 2.25-million-strong force makes it the largest standing army in the world, in terms of number of troops .
	People's Republic of China The People's Republic of China , is a country in East Asia. The PRC has a coastline of 14,500 kilometres , and borders Vietnam, Laos, Myanmar, India, Bhutan, Nepal, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Russia, Mongolia, and North Korea.
	Pep rally A pep rally is a gathering of people, typically students of high school age, before a sports event. The purpose of such a gathering is to encourage "school spirit" and to support members of the team for which the rally is being thrown. At a pep rally, cheerleaders will often lead in boistrous chants intended to get the student body involved and supporting the school's team.
	Peperomia Peperomia is one of the 2 large genus of the Piperaceae family , with more than 1000 recorded species. Most of them are compact, small perennial epiphytes growing on rotten wood. More than 1500 species have been recorded, occurring in all Tropics and subtropical regions of the world, though concentrated to Central America and Northern South America.
	Peplos A peplos is a body-length Ancient Greece garment worn by women dating to before 500 BC. The peplos is essentially a tubular cloth, folded inside-out from the top about halfway down, so that what was the top of the tube is now at the waist and the bottom of the tube is about ankle-length.
	Pepper Pepper may refer to:
	Pepper Mills Pepper Mills is a fictional character created for the Warner Bros. animated series Histeria! She is a hyperactive teenager, almost a polar opposite in terms of personality to co-star Charity Bazaar, who is driven to adoration for any and all celebrities. As a result of this, she frequently harasses historical celebrities by asking for their autographs.
	Pepper spray Pepper spray is a lachrymatory agent that is used in riot control, crowd control and personal self-defense, including defense against dogs and bears. It is a non-lethal force agent that can be deadly in rare cases. The American Civil Liberties Union claims to have documented fourteen fatalities from the use of pepper spray.
	Peppermint Peppermint is a sterile hybrid Mentha, a cross between watermint and spearmint . It is occasionally found wild with its parent species in central and southern Europe, but the first intentional crossbreed of watermint and spearmint was done in England. Being sterile, it spreads by rooting.
	Peppermint Patty Patricia "Peppermint Patty" Reichardt is a fictional character featured in Charles M. Schulz's comic strip Peanuts. She is one of a small group in the strip who live across town from Charlie Brown and his school friends. Generally displaying the characteristics of a tomboy, she was the first female Peanuts character to wear pants.
	Pepperoni In English, pepperoni refers to a spicy Italian-American variety of dry salami made of beef and often veal. Pepperoni is a descendant of the spicy salamis of Southern Italy, such as salsiccia Napoletana piccante, a spicy dry sausage from Naples. Pepperoni is frequently used as a pizza topping in United States-style pizzerias.
	Pepsi ---- Pepsi-Cola, most commonly called Pepsi, is a soft drink produced by PepsiCo. It is sold worldwide in stores, restaurants and vending machines. The drink was first made on August 28, 1898, by pharmacy Caleb Bradham. The brand was trademarked on June 16, 1903.
	Peptic ulcer A peptic ulcer is an ulcer of one of those areas of the gastrointestinal tract that are usually acidic. A more general term, peptic ulcer disease , is also in use. Most ulcers are associated with Helicobacter pylori, a spiral-shaped bacterium that lives in the acidic environment of the stomach.
	Peptide bond A peptide bond is a chemical bond formed between two molecules when the carboxyl group of one molecule reacts with the amine of the other molecule, releasing a molecule of water . This is a dehydration synthesis reaction , and usually occurs between amino acids.
	Percentage A percentage is a way of expressing numbers as fractions of 100 and is often denoted using the percent sign, "%". For example, "45.1%" is equal to 0.451. Although percentages are usually used to express numbers between zero and one, any number can be expressed as a percentage. For instance, 111% is 1.11 and -0.35% is -0.0035.
	Perception In psychology and the cognitive sciences, perception is the process of acquiring, interpreting, selecting, and organizing sense information. Methods of studying perception range from essentially biology or physiology approaches, through psychological approaches to the often abstract 'thought-experiments' of philosophy of mind.
	Perch Perca is the genus of fish referred to as perch or yellow perch, a group of freshwater fish belonging to the family Percidae. Perch, of which there are three species in different geographical areas, lend their name to the largest order of vertebrates: the Perciformes, from the Greek language perke meaning perch, and the Latin forma meaning shape.
	Percheron The Percheron is one of the world's most famous draft horses. They originate in the Perche region of France. The Percheron is used for agricultural work, makes an attractive parade horse, and is a most animated and powerful show horse in heavy harness. Percherons are generally black or gray, though chestnut, sorrel, or bay are acceptable for registration in the US with a DNA test confirming their parentage.
	Perchloric acid Perchloric acid, HClO4, is an oxoacid of chlorine and is a colorless liquid soluble in water . It is a strong acid like sulfuric acid or nitric acid. It is a superacid, but it is not the strongest Brnsted-Lowry acid . Its pKa is -7. Perchloric acid forms an azeotrope with water, about 72.5% perchloric acid.
	Percidae The Percidae are a family of perciform fish found in fresh and brackish waters of the Northern Hemisphere. The family contains about 200 species in ten genera. The darters, perches, and their relatives are in this family: well-known species include the walleye, ruffe, and three species of perch.
	Perciformes The Perciformes, also called the Percomorphi or Acanthopteri, include about 40% of all fish and are the largest order of vertebrata. The name Perciformes means perch-like. They belong to the Actinopterygii and comprise over 7000 different species, with varying shapes and sizes, found in almost all aquatic environments.
	Percina Percina is a genus of small, mostly North American fish.
	Percival Lowell Percival Lowell was an author, mathematician, and esteemed astronomer who fueled speculation that there were Martian canal on Mars , founded the Lowell Observatory in Flagstaff, Arizona, Arizona, and formed the beginning of the work and theories that led to the discovery of Pluto 14 years after his death.
	Percophidae Duckbills are a family, Percophidae, of perciform fishes. They are found in tropical and subtropical waters of the Atlantic and Indian Oceans and in the southwestern and southeastern Pacific. They are small fishes: the largest species, the Brazilian flathead, Percophis brasiliensis, grows up to about fifty centimetres, but 1020 cm is more typical.
	Percussion cap The percussion cap or primer was the crucial invention needed to make fire-arms that could fire in any weather. Before this development, firearms used igniters with snaphance or matchlock to set fire to a pan of gunpowder. A primer is a small, disposable copper or brass cup, 4 to 6 mm in diameter .
	Percy Bysshe Shelley Percy Bysshe Shelley was one of the major England Romantic poets and is widely considered to be among the finest Lyric poetry of the English language. He is perhaps most famous for such anthology pieces as Ozymandias, Ode to the West Wind, To a Skylark, and The Masque of Anarchy.
	Percy Grainger Percy Aldridge Grainger was an Australian-born pianist, composer, and champion of the saxophone and the wind band.
	Perdix Perdix is a genus of partridges with representatives in most of temperate Europe and Asia. One member of the genus, the Grey Partridge, has been introduced to the United States and Canada. These are bird migration birds of open country. The nest is a lined ground scrape in or near cover.
	Père David's Deer Pre David's deer, Ciervo del Padre David, and Milu in Chinese), is a species of deer known only in captivity. It prefers marshland, and is believed to be native to the subtropics. It grazes on a mixture of grass and water plants. Adults weigh 150-200 kg. They have a nine-month gestation period, and one or two fawns are born at a time.
	Peregrine Falcon The Peregrine Falcon, sometimes formerly known in North America as Duck Hawk, is a medium-sized falcon about the size of a large crow: 38-53 Metre#SI multiples long. The English language and scientific species names mean "wandering falcon", and refer to the fact that some populations are bird migration.
	Pereskia The genus Pereskia comprises 25 tropical species and Variety of leafy cacti. They originate from the region between Brazil and Mexico. The genus is named after Nicolas Fabre de Peiresc, a 16th century French botanist, which also has been given its own subfamily Pereskioideae.
	Perestroika Perestroika is the Russian word for the economic reforms introduced in June 1987 by the Soviet Union leader Mikhail Gorbachev. Its literal meaning is "restructuring", which refers to restructuring of the Soviet economy.
	Performance A performance, in performing arts, generally comprises an event in which one group of people behave in a particular way for another group of people. Sometimes the dividing line between performer and the audience may become blurred, as in the example of "participatory theatre" where audience members might get involved in the production.
	Performing arts The performing arts differ from the plastic arts insofar as the former uses the artist's own body, face, presence as a medium, and the latter uses materials such as clay, metal or paint which can be molded or transformed to create some work of art.
	Perfume Perfume is a mixture of fragrant essential oils and aroma compounds, fixatives, and solvents used to give the human body, objects, and living spaces a pleasant smell. The amount and type of solvent mix with the fragrance oil dictates whether a perfume is considered a perfume extract, Eau de parfum, Eau de toilette, or Eau de Cologne.
	Pergola Pergola A pergola is a garden feature forming a shaded walk or passageway of pillars that support cross beams and a sturdy open lattice, upon which woody vines are trained. It may also be part of a builiding, as protection for an open terrace. The origin of the word is the Latin language pergula, referring to a projecting eave.
	Pericallis Pericallis is a small genus of about 14 species of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae, native to the Canary Islands and Madeira. The genus includes herbaceous plants and small subshrubs. In the past, the genus was often included in either Cineraria or Senecio.
	Pericles Pericles or Perikles was a prominent and influential statesman, orator and general of History of Athens in the city's Golden Age . He was descended, through his mother, from the Alcmaeonidae family. Pericles had such a profound influence on Athenian society that Thucydides, his contemporary historian, acclaimed him as "the first citizen of Athens".
	Peridot Peridot is the gem quality variety of forsterite olivine. The chemical composition of peridot is 2SiO4. The name of the gemstone is believed to come from either the Arabic word faridat meaning "gem" or the French word peritot meaning "unclear." Peridot is one of the few gemstones that come in only one color.
	Peridotite Peridotite is a dense, coarse-grained Rock, consisting mostly of the minerals olivine and pyroxene. Peridotite is ultramafic and ultrabasic, as the rock contains less than 45% silica and is high in magnesium with appreciable iron. Peridotite is derived from the Earth's mantle, either as solid blocks and fragments, or as crystals accumulated from magmas that formed in the mantle.
	Perilla Perilla is a genus of Annual_plant herb that is a member of the mint family, Lamiaceae. The most common species is Perilla frutescens var. japonica or Shiso which is mainly grown in India and East Asia. There are both green-leafed and purple-leafed varieties which are generally recognized as separate species by botanists.
	Perilymph Perilymph is an extracellular fluid located within the cochlea in 2 of its 3 compartments; the scala typmani and scala vestibuli. The ionic composition of perilymph is comparable to that of plasma and cerebrospinal fluid. The major cation of perilymph is sodium. The third compartment of the ear, the cochlear duct contains endolymph.
	Perineum In human anatomy, the perineum is generally defined as the surface region in both males and females between the pubic symphysis and the coccyx.
	Periosteum The periosteum is an envelope of fibrous connective tissue that is wrapped around the bone in all places except at joints. As opposed to bone itself, it has nociception nerve endings, making it very sensitive to manipulation. It also provides nourishment in the form of blood supply to the bone.
	Peripatetic The Peripatetics were members of a school of philosophy in ancient Greece. Their teachings derived from their founder, the greek philosophy Aristotle and peripatetic is a name given to his followers.
	Peripatus Peripatus is a genus of Onychophora, which is distinguished by its independent pairs of legs, a characteristic which many entomologists believe suggests an evolutionary link between arthropods and worms. Peripatus is one of the group of animals known collectively as Velvet worms.
	Periscope A periscope is an instrument for observation from a concealed position. In its simplest form it is a tube in each end of which are mirrors set parallel to each other and at an angle of 45 with respect to the line between them. It may be used as a toy or for seeing over people's heads in a crowd.
	Perisoreus The genus Perisoreus is a very small genus of Jays from the Boreal regions of North America and Eurasia from Scandinavia to the Asian seaboard. An isolated species also occurs in north-western Szechuan province of China. They belong to the Passerine order of birds in the family Corvidae.