Phocas Flavius Phocas Augustus, Byzantine Emperors , ascended the throne from the Emperor Maurice , and was himself overthrown by Heraclius after losing a civil war. Almost nothing is known of Phocas's early life, although he may have been a native of Thrace.
	Phoenicia Phoenicia was an ancient civilization centred in the north of ancient Canaan, with its heartland along the coastal plains of what is now Lebanon. Phoenician civilization was an enterprising thalassocracy that spread across the Mediterranean during the first millennium BC.
	Pholidae The gunnels are a family, Pholidae, of fishes in the order Perciformes. They are elongated fishes native to the coasts of the northern Atlantic, Pacific and Arctic Oceans, where they inhabit intertidal and subtidal waters and eat crustaceans and mollusks.
	Pholistoma auritum The small flowering herb Pholistoma auritum, which has the common name fiesta flower, is similar in appearance and habitat preference to another familiar plant in the Hydrophyllaceae, the baby-blue-eyes. Fiesta flower is native to the southwestern United States where it grows in woodlands and canyons.
	Phon The phon is a physical unit of perception loudness level LN, which is a subjective measure of the wikt:strength of a sound. The physical unit of perception loudness N is a subjective measure of the sound pressure, with the unit sone.
	Phonation In phonetics, phonation is the "use of the larynx to generate an audible source of acoustic energy, i.e., sound, which can then be modified by the articulatory actions of the rest of the vocal apparatus." Phonation has traditionally been seen as one dimension of phonetic voicing, the degree of glottis tension.
	Phonetic transcription Phonetic transcription is the visual system of symbolization of the sounds occurring in spoken human language. The most common type of phonetic transcription uses a phonetic alphabet.
	Phonograph The phonograph, or gramophone, was the most common device for playing Sound recording and reproduction sound from the 1870s through the 1980s.
	Phonology Phonology , is a subfield of linguistics which studies the sound system of a specific language . Whereas phonetics is about the physical production and perception of the sounds of speech, phonology describes the way sounds function within a given language or across languages.
	Phoradendron Phoradendron is a genus of mistletoes, native to warm temperate and tropical regions of the Americas. Traditionally, the genus has been placed in its own family Viscaceae, but recent genetic research by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group shows this family to be correctly placed within a larger circumscription of the family Santalaceae.
	Phoronid Phoronids , commonly known as horseshoe worms, are a relatively small animal phylum: twenty species are known, in two genera, Phoronis and Phoronopsis. Phoronids are worm-shaped, but with a gut that loops and exits the body near the mouth, instead of running the length of the animal, as in annelids .
	Phosgene Phosgene is the chemical compound with the formula COCl2. It is also known as also carbonyl chloride, or its military designation CG. This highly toxic gas gained infamy as a chemical weapon during World War I but it is also a valuable industrial chemical.
	Phosphate In inorganic chemistry, a phosphate is a salt of phosphoric acid. Phosphates are also important in biochemistry.
	Phosphine Phosphine is the common name for phosphorus hydride, also known by the IUPAC name phosphane and, occasionally, phosphamine. It is a colorless, flammable gas with a boiling point of −88 C at standard pressure. Pure phosphine is odorless, but "technical grade" phosphine has a highly unpleasant odor like garlic or rotting fish, due to the presence of substituted phosphine and diphosphine.
	Phospholipid Phospholipids are a class of lipids formed from four components: fatty acids, a negatively-charged phosphate group, nitrogen containing alcohol and a backbone. Phospholipids with a glycerol backbone are known as glycerophospholipids or phosphoglycerides. There is only one type of phospholipid with a sphingosine backbone; sphingomyelin.
	Phosphor A phosphor is a substance that exhibits the optical phenomenon of phosphorescence. The chemical element phosphorus was discovered by Germany alchemist Hennig Brand in 1669. Working in Hamburg, Brand attempted to distill some kind of "life essence" from his urine, and in the process produced a white material that glowed in the dark.
	Phosphorescence *Opalescence *Phosphor *List of light sources
	Phosphoric acid |- | align="center" colspan="2" bgcolor="#ffffff" | | |- | List of R-phrases | |- | List of S-phrases | , , |- Phosphoric acid, also known as orthophosphoric acid or phosphoric(V) acid, is an inorganic mineral acid having the chemical formula H3PO4.
	Phosphorous acid The Compound phosphorous acid, with formula H3PO3, is one of the oxoacids of phosphorus. The other important members of this family are phosphoric acid, H3PO4, and hypophosphorous acid, H3PO2. Note that only the reduced phosphorus compounds are spelled with an "ous" ending.
	Phosphorus |- | Critical temperature || 994 kelvin Phosphorus, , is the chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol P and atomic number 15. A Valency nonmetal of the nitrogen group, phosphorus is commonly found in inorganic phosphate rocks and in all living cells.
	Photinia Photinia is a genus of about 40-60 species of small trees and large shrubs in the Rosaceae. As interpreted here, they are restricted to warm temperate Asia, from the Himalaya east to Japan and south to India and Thailand, but some botanists also include the closely related North American species Toyon in Photinia as Photinia arbutifolia.
	Photo finish A photo finish occurs in a sport race, when two competitors cross the finishing line at near the same time. As the naked eye may not be able to discriminate between which of the competitors crossed the line first, a strip photo, a series of rapidly triggered photographs, or a video taken at the finish line may be used for a more accurate check.
	Photo op A photo op, short for photo opportunity, is a carefully planned human event that results in a memorable and effective photograph. The phrase is usually thought of in a political sense, relating to politicians who do things such as plant trees, pick up litter, and visit senior citizens, often during election cycles, with the intent of photographers catching the events on film, generating good publicity.
	Photochemistry ar:?????? ????? bg:????????? cs:Fotochemie de:Fotochemie is:Ljsefnafri hu:Fotokmia nl:Fotochemie ja:??? pl:Fotochemia sv:Fotokemi th:??????? zh:???
	Photogenic The term photogenic refers to a subject, usually a human, who generally appears physical attractiveness in photographs, regardless of their physical attractiveness in real life. Photogenic drawing, coined by William Fox Talbot, also describes the earliest method for recording camera images.
	Photographer A photographer is a person who takes a photograph using a camera. This person is generally considered the artist, because he or she constructed the appearance of the product in the same way as any other visual artists. One may be an amateur photographer or a professional photographer if he or she uses photography to make a living.
	Photographic film Photographic film is a sheet of plastic coated with an emulsion containing light-sensitive silver halide salts with variable crystal sizes that determine the sensitivity and of the film. When the emulsion is subjected to sufficient exposure to light , it forms a latent image image.
	Photographic paper Until the advent of digital photography, the sole meaning of photographic paper was paper coated with light-sensitive chemicals. So-called photo papers of today are often specially coated papers for use in inkjet computer printer to make Digital Print.
	Photography Photography is the process of making pictures by means of the action of light. Light patterns reflected or emitted from objects are recorded onto a sensitive medium or storage chip through a timed Exposure . The process is done through Machine, chemical or digital devices known as cameras.
	Photojournalism Photojournalism is a particular form of journalism that creates images in order to tell a news story. It is now usually understood to refer only to still images, and in some cases to video used in broadcast journalism. Photojournalism is distinguished from other close branches of photography by the qualities of:
	Photolithography Photolithography or optical lithography is a process used in Fabrication to transfer a pattern from a photomask to the surface of a wafer . Often crystalline silicon in the form of a wafer is used as a choice of substrate, although there are several other options including, but not limited to, glass, sapphire, and metal.
	Photomicrograph A photomicrograph is a photograph taken through a microscope. Such photographs are usually used to show living Cell, viruses, and microscopic objects that are not visible with the naked eye.
	Photomontage Photomontage is the process of making a composite picture by cutting and joining a number of photographs. The English photographer Henry Peach Robinson is credited with making the first photomontages, soon after starting his career in 1857. Many of the early examples of fine-art photomontage consist of photographed elements superimposed on watercolours, a combination returned to by George Grosz in about 1915.
	Photon In modern physics, the photon is the elementary particle responsible for electromagnetism. It mediates electromagnetisms and is the fundamental constituent of all forms of electromagnetic radiation, that is, light.
	Photopic vision Photopic vision is the visual perception of the eye under well-lit conditions. In humans and many animals, photopic vision allows color vision, mediated by cone cells.
	Photosphere The photosphere of an astronomy astronomical object is the region at which the optical depth becomes one for a photon of wavelength equal to 5000 angstroms. In other words, the photosphere is the region where an object stops being transparent. It is typically used to describe the Sun or another star.
	Photostat machine The Photostat machine was an early Photocopying created in the 1900s by both the Rectigraph Company and the Photostat Corporation. From time immemorial, copying had been done by hand. The growth of business and the industrial revolution created a need for more efficient means.
	Photosynthesis Photosynthesis , generally, is the synthesis of sugar from light, carbon dioxide and water, with oxygen as a waste product. It is arguably the most important biochemical pathway known; nearly all life depends on it. It is an extremely complex process, comprised of many coordinated biochemical reactions.
	Photovoltaics Photovoltaics or PV for short is a solar power technology that uses solar photovoltaic arrays or solar cells to provide electricity for human activities. Photovoltaics is also the field of study relating to this technology. Solar cells produce direct current electricity from the suns rays, which can be used to power equipment or to recharge a battery.
	Phragmipedium Phragmipedium is a genus of the Orchidaceae family and the only genus comprised in the tribe Phragmipedieae and subtribe Phragmipediinae. The name of the genus is derived from the Greek phragma, which means "division", and pedium, which means "slipper".
	Phragmites Phragmites australis, the Common Reed, is a large Poaceae native to wetland sites throughout temperate and tropical regions of the world. It is generally regarded as the sole species of the genus Phragmites, though some botanists divide the genus into three or four species.
	Phrenology Phrenology is a theory which claims to be able to determine character, personality traits, and criminality on the basis of the shape of the head . Developed by German physician Franz Joseph Gall around 1800, and very popular in the 19th century, it is now discredited as a pseudoscience.
	Phrygia In antiquity, Phrygia was a kingdom in the west central part of the Anatolia . The Phrygian people settled in the area from 1200 BC, and established a kingdom in the 8th century BC. It was overwhelmed by Cimmerians invaders in 690 BC, then briefly conquered by its neighbor Lydia, before it passed successively into the Achaemenid Empire of Cyrus the Great, the empire of Alexander the Great and his successors, was taken by the king of Pergamon, and ev
	Phthalic acid Phthalic acid is an aromatic dicarboxylic acid, with formula C6H4(COOH)2. It is an isomer of isophthalic acid and terephthalic acid. Phthalic acid is used mainly in the form of the anhydride to produce other chemicals such as dyes, perfumes, saccharin, phthalates and many others.
	Phthalic acids Phthalic acids, also known as benzene dicarboxylic acids, are organic acids with the chemical formula C6H4(COOH)2. There are three isomers: ortho- or phthalic acid; meta- or isophthalic acid; para- or terephthalic acid.
	Phthalic anhydride Phthalic anhydride is the anhydride of phthalic acid. It dissolves in alcohol and some other organic solvents. Phthalic anhydride is obtained either by catalytic oxidation of ortho-xylene with O2 or by catalytic oxidation of naphthalene. The biproducts of the napthalene reaction are carbon dioxide and water.
	Phyllode Phyllodes are modified petioles or leaf stems. In some plants, these become flattened and widened, while the leaf itself becomes reduced or vanishes altogether. Thus the phyllode comes to serve the purpose of the leaf. They are common in the genus Acacia, especially the Australian species, at one time put in Acacia subg.
	Phylloquinone | Phylloquinone |- | align="center" colspan="2" bgcolor="#ffffff" | |- | Common name | phylloquinone |- | Systematic name | 2-methyl-3-(3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadec-2-enyl)naphthalene-1,4-dione |- | Other names | vitamin K1;phytonadione;phytomenadione |- | Chemical formula
	Phyllostachys Phyllostachys is a genus of bamboo. It is thought to be originally from Central China, but can now be found in many temperate and tropics areas around the world. Phyllostachys plants have a prominent groove, called a Sulcus, that runs along the length of each segment.
	Phyllostachys nigra Phyllostachys nigra, also known as Black Bamboo, is a species of Phyllostachys, a genus of Bamboo. A striking bamboo to use as a specimen plant, this naturally forms a dramatic tall, fairly upright shape. As the finger-thick canes mature, they become glossy jet black, showing up well against the frieze of airy evergreen foliage.
	Phylloxera Grape Phylloxera is a pest of commercial grapevines worldwide, originally native to eastern North America. These tiny, pale yellow sap-sucking insects, related to aphids, attack the roots of grape vines. The insects and secondary fungal infections can girdle roots, gradually cutting off the flow of nutrients and water to the vine.
	Physalis Physalis is a genus of plants in the nightshade family Solanaceae, native to warm temperate and subtropical regions throughout the world. The genus is characterised by the small orange fruit similar in size, shape and structure to a small tomato, but partly or fully enclosed in a large papery husk derived from the calyx.
	Physalis alkekengi Physalis alkekengi, is a relative of Physalis peruviana, easily identifiable by the larger, bright orange to red papery covering over its fruit, which resemble Chinese lanterns. It is native from southern Europe east across southern Asia to Japan. It is a herbaceous perennial plant growing to 40-60 cm tall, with spirally arranged leaf 6-12 cm long and 4-9 cm broad.
	Physical education In most educational systems, physical education, also called physical training in less progressive settings, is a course in the curriculum which utilizes learning in the cognitive, affective and psycho motor domains in a play or movement exploration setting. It is almost always mandatory for students in elementary schools, and often for students in middle schools and high schools; which is a boone in the wake of the current obesity epidemic.
	Physical exercise Physical exercise is the performance of some activity in order to develop or maintain physical fitness and overall health. It is often directed toward also honing wikt:athletic ability or skill. Frequent and regular physical exercise is an important component in the prevention of some of the diseases of affluence such as cancer, heart disease, cardiovascular disease, Type 2 diabetes and obesity.
	Physical fitness The notion of physical fitness is used in two close meanings.
	Physical geography Physical Geography looks at the natural environment, e.g. mountains, rivers, weather, etc. Physical geography is a subfield of geography that focuses on the systematic study of patterns and processes within the hydrosphere, biosphere, Earth's atmosphere, and lithosphere.
	Physical phenomenon A physical phenomenon is a phenomenon that is describable by physics and involved with some form of matter, energy, or spacetime. Physical phenomena are usually regarded as, at least in theory, subjects of observation - Niels Bohr, one of the fathers of quantum mechanics, is quoted with saying "no phenomenon is a phenomenon until it is an observed phenomenon."
	Physicalism Physicalism is the metaphysics position that everything is physical; that is, that there are no kinds of things other than physical things. Likewise, physicalism about the mental is a position in philosophy of mind which holds that the mind is a physical thing in some sense.
	Physician A physician is a person who practices biological medicine. See that article for more information on what physicians do in their practices; this article focuses on physician training and regulation. In the United States, the term physician is commonly used to describe all medical doctors .
	Physicist A physicist is a scientist who studies or practices physics. Physicists investigate a wide range of physical phenomena spanning all length scales: from the atom particles from which all ordinary matter is made to the behavior of the material Universe as a whole . There are numerous Physics#Major fields of physics and each has its corresponding specialists.
	Physics Physics , the most fundamental physical science, is concerned with the underlying principles of the Nature . Consequently, physics deals with the elementary constituents of the Universe that is, all classes of matter and energy and their fundamental interaction , as well as the analysis of systems which are best understood in terms of these fundamental principles.
	Physiognomy Physiognomy is traditionally a folk science, based upon the idea that the study and judgement of a person's outer appearance, primarily the face, reflects their character or personality. The shortened form "physog" is also a slang word for "face". The term physiognomy is also used to refer to the general appearance of a person, object, or terrain, without reference to its underlying or scientific characteristics.
	Physostegia virginiana Physostegia virginiana Obedient Plant or False Dragonhead is a herbaceous perennial plant. Obedient Plant can grow up to 4 feet tall. The flowers are on swivels that can be bent right or left on the stem, giving rise to the common name. The plants bloom in late July to October.
	Physostigmine Physostigmine is a parasympathomimetic, specifically, a reversible cholinesterase inhibitor obtained from the Calabar bean. By interfering with the metabolism of acetylcholine, physostigmine indirectly agonist both nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and muscarinic acetylcholine receptor receptors.
	Phytolacca americana American Pokeweed, Phytolacca americana, is a large, shrubby perennial native to eastern North America. The plant has a large white taproot, green or red stems, and large, simple leaves. White flowers are followed by purple to almost black berries, which are a good food source for songbirds such as American Cardinal, Brown Thrasher, American Mockingbird.
	Phytolaccaceae Phytolaccaceae is the botanical name for a family of flowering plants. Such a family has been almost universally recognized by taxonomists, although its circumscription has varied. It is also known as the Pokeweed family. The APG II system, of 2003, also recognizes this family and assigns it to the order Caryophyllales in the clade core eudicots.
	Phytophthora Phytophthora is a genus of water moulds, including many plant pathogens of considerable economic importance. It is a species of oomycete, an fungi-like organism that actually belongs to a different kingdom altogether: Chromista. Phytophthora is a good example of convergent evolution, as the pathogen attacks plants in a very similar way to fungal pathogens.
	Phytophthora infestans Phytophthora infestans is a water mould, that causes the serious disease of the potato, late blight or potato blight.. This disease was a major culprit in the causation of the 1847 Irish Potato Famine and also the Highland Potato Famine.
	Phytoplankton Phytoplankton are the autotroph component of the plankton that drift in the Pelagic zone. The name comes from the Greek language terms, phyton or "plant" and p?a??t?? , meaning "wanderer" or "drifter" . Most phytoplankton are too small to be individually seen with the unaided eye.