Lungless salamander Lungless salamanders are salamanders which do not have lungs and instead conduct respiration through their skin and the tissues lining their mouth. Currently approximately 376 species of plethodontid salamanders are known, making up the majority of known species. Only two of these species are found outside the Western hemisphere, seven in the Mediterreanian and one in Korea.
	Luoyang Luoyang is a prefecture-level city in western Henan province of China, People's Republic of China. It borders the provincial capital of Zhengzhou to the east, Pingdingshan to the southeast, Nanyang to the south, Sanmenxia to the west, Jiyuan to the north, and Jiaozuo to the northeast.
	Lupin Lupin, often spelled lupine in North America, is the common name for members of the genus Lupinus in the family Fabaceae. The genus comprises between 150-200 species, and has a wide distribution in the Mediterranean region - Subgen. Lupinus , and the Americas - Subgen.
	Lupinus arboreus Lupinus arboreus is a species of lupine native to the western United States in California, where it is widely distributed coastal scrub and sand dunes. Because it has been widely introduced, there is some uncertainty about its native range; it is thought to be native from Point Reyes National Seashore south to San Luis Obispo County, California.
	Lupinus luteus Lupinus luteus L. 1753, Sp. Pl. :722; Willd. 1803, l. c.:1024; DC. 1825, l.c.:407; Willk. et Lange, 1880, l. c.:468; Franco et Silva, 1968, l. c.:105; Zohary, 1972, l. c.:44; Gladstones, 1974, l. c.:17; Vass. 1987, l. c.:214. yellow lupin. Description
	Lupinus texensis Lupinus texensis is a species of lupine which is endemic to Texas. With other related species of lupines also called bluebonnets, it is the list of U.S. state flowers of Texas. It is a biennial plant which begins its life as a small gravel-like seed.
	Lupus erythematosus Systemic lupus erythematosus is a chronic, potentially debilitating or fatal autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks the bodys cells and tissue, resulting in inflammation and tissue damage. SLE can affect any part of the body, but often harms the heart, rheumatology, skin, lungs, blood vessels and brain/nervous system.
	Lurcher The Lurcher is not a dog breed, but rather a type of dog. It is a hardy crossbred sighthound that is generally a mixed breed dog between a sighthound and a working breed, usually a pastoral dog or Terrier. Collie crosses have always been very popular. Lurchers can be crossed several times.
	Lusaka Lusaka is the capital city and largest city of Zambia. It is located in south central Zambia at , on a plateau at 1280 m in altitude. It has a population of 1,084,703. Lusaka was founded in 1905 by European settlers, at the site of a village named after the village headman Lusaaka.
	Luscinia Luscinia is a genus of small passerine birds formerly classed as members of the Thrush family, but now considered to be Old World flycatchers. The species are: * Bluethroat, Luscinia svecica * Siberian Rubythroat, Luscinia calliope * Rufous-tailed Robin or Swinhoe's Nightingale, Luscinia sibilans
	Lusitania Lusitania was an ancient Ancient Rome Roman province approximately including current Portugal, except for the area between the rivers Douro and Minho, and part of modern day western Spain, the present autonomous communities of Extremadura and Castile-Leon.
	Lusitanians The Lusitanians were a tribe, or various tribes, from the western Iberian Peninsula, which became the Ancient Rome province of Lusitania). They spoke a Lusitanian language. The modern Portuguese people see the Lusitanians as their ancestors of the modern living in the western portion of the Iberian peninsula.
	Lute The lute is a plucked string instrument with a fretted neck and a deep round back. The words 'lute' and 'oud' may have derived from Arabic language alud, "the wood", though recent research by Eckhard Neubauer suggests that ud may simply be an Arabized version of the Persian name rud, which meant string, stringed instrument, or lute.
	Lutefisk Lutefisk is a traditional food of the Nordic countries made from stockfish and sodium hydroxide . In Sweden, this food is called lutfisk, omitting the medial 'e'. In Finland the same dish is known as lipekala. The direct translation is lye fish, owing to the fact it is made with caustic soda or potash lye.
	Lutein Lutein is one of over 600 known naturally occurring carotenoids. Found in green leafy vegetables such as spinach and kale, lutein is employed by organisms as an antioxidant and for blue light absorption. Lutein is covalent bond to one or more fatty acids present in some fruits and flowers, notably marigolds.
	Luther Burbank Luther Burbank was an American botany, horticulture, and pioneer of agricultural science. He developed more than 800 Strain and Variety of plants over his 55-year career. Burbank's varied creations included fruits, flowers, grains, grasses, and vegetables.
	Lutheranism Lutheranism is a movement within Christianity that began with the Theology insights of Martin Luther in the 16th century, which launched the Protestant Reformation of the Western church. The "confessions" or "symbolical writings" of the Lutheran Church are contained in the Book of Concord, published in German in 1580, and in Latin in 1584.
	Luthier A luthier is a person who builds or repairs stringed instruments, either bowed or plucked. These include violins, violas, cellos, double basses, guitars of all kinds, lutes, and mandolins. The French word lutherie, used in both French and English, refers to the art of constructing string instruments.
	Lutra Lutra is a genus of otters. The genus comprises two species: *European Otter *Hairy-nosed Otter Lutra lutra
	Luxembourg The Grand Duchy of Luxembourg is a small landlocked country in western Europe, bordered by Belgium, France, and Germany. Luxembourg has a population of under half a million people in an area of about 2,600 square kilometres . Luxembourg is a parliamentary representative democracy with a constitutional monarchy, ruled by a Grand Duke of Luxembourg.
	Luxor Luxor is a city in Upper Egypt and the capital of the Al Uqsur governorates of Egypt, population approximately 200,000. As the site of the ancient Egyptian city of Thebes, Egypt, Luxor has frequently been characterised as the "world's greatest open air museum", the ruins of the temple complexes at Karnak and Luxor Temple standing within the modern city.
	Luzon Luzon refers to the largest and most politically important island in the Philippines and to one of the three island groups in the country, with Visayas and Mindanao being the other two. Luzon as an island group includes the island of Luzon itself, plus the Batanes and Babuyan Islands groups of islands to the north, and the main and outlying islands of Catanduanes, Marinduque, Masbate, Romblon, and Mindoro in the south.
	Lycaena Lycaena is a genus with a world wide range. It is divided into five subgenera, these include: *Thersamolycaena *Thersamonia *Phoenicurusia *Hyrcanana *Antipodolycaena Species include Scarce copper among others.
	Lycaenidae The Lycaenidae are the second-largest family (biology) of butterfly, with about 6000 species worldwide, whose members are also called gossamer-winged butterflies. They constitute about 40% of the known butterfly species. The family is traditionally divided into the subfamilies of the blues (Polyommatinae), the coppers (Lycaeninae), the hairstreaks (Theclinae) and the harvesters (Miletinae); others include also the Lipteninae, Liphyrinae and Poritiinae.
	Lychee The Lychee, also spelled Litchi or Laichi, is the sole member of the genus Litchi in the soapberry family Sapindaceae. It is a tropical fruit tree native from southern China and Vietnam south to Indonesia and east to the Philippines. Local names include v?i, l? chi or ??, Alupag, and Raichi.
	Lychgate A lychgate, also spelled lichgate, lycugate, or as two separate words, is a gateway covered with a roof found at the traditional entrance to a churchyard.
	Lychnis Lychnis is a genus of 15-25 species of flowering plants in the family Caryophyllaceae, native to Europe, Asia and north Africa. The genus is closely related to Silene, differing in the flowers having five styles, the seed capsule having five teeth, and in the sticky stems of Lychnis.
	Lycia Lycia is a region in the modern day Antalya Province on the southern coast of Turkey. It was the site of an ancient country and province of the Roman Empire.
	Lycopene Lycopene is a bright red carotenoid pigment, a phytochemical found in tomatoes and other red fruits. Lycopene is the most common carotenoid in the human body and is one of the most potent carotenoid antioxidants. Its name is derived from the tomato's species classification, Solanum lycopersicum.
	Lycoperdaceae Lycoperdaceae is a family of fungus in the Lycoperdales order. Members of the Lycoperdaceae family are known as the true puffballs. Unlike other types of fungi that hold spores in gills or teeth, puffballs contain the spores inside a layer of tougher outer skin. When a puffball reaches maturity, the tough skin will split open, allowing the billions of spores to be released.
	Lycoperdales The Lycoperdales are a now outdated order of fungus. The order included some well-known types such as the giant puffball, the earthstars, and other tuberous fungi. They were defined as having epigeous basidiomes, a hymenium present, one to three layers in the peridium, powdery gleba, and brown spores.
	Lycoperdon Lycoperdon is a genus of puffball mushrooms. See Also * Puffball * Lycoperdon perlatum * Lycoperdon umbrinum Category:Basidiomycetes lt:Pumpotauklis pl:Purchawka
	Lycopodiaceae The Lycopodiaceae is a family of primitive vascular plants, including all of the core clubmosses. These plants bear spores on specialized structures at the apex of a shoot; they resemble a tiny Club, from which the common name derives. They are non-flowering and do not produce seeds.
	Lycopodium Lycopodium is a genus of clubmosses, also known as ground pines, in the family Lycopodiaceae, a family of fern-allies. They are flowerless, vascular, terrestrial or epiphytic plants, with widely-branched, erect, prostrate or creeping stems, with small, simple, needle-like or scale-like leaf that cover the stem and branches thickly.
	Lycopus Lycopus is a genus of about a dozen species of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae. They are all herbaceous plants native to Europe, northwest Asia, and North America. The species are most often found in wetlands, damp meadows, and stream banks. Some of the wetland species have become endangered .
	Lydia Lydia is a historic region of western Anatolia, congruent with Turkey's modern provinces of Izmir Province and Manisa Province. Its traditional capital was the city of Sardis . However, at its greatest extent, the Kingdom of Lydia covered all of western Anatolia.
	Lye *Lye is a caustic solution used for glass and soap making. It may be **sodium hydroxide or **less commonly, potassium hydroxide. *Lye, West Midlands is the name of a small town in England, between Dudley and Stourbridge in the Black Country, Metropolitan Borough of Dudley, West Midlands.
	Lygodium Lygodium is a genus of about 40 species of ferns, native to tropical regions across the world, with a few temperate species in eastern Asia and eastern North America. It is the sole genus in the family Lygodiaceae, though included in the family Schizaeaceae by some botanists.
	Lygus The genus Lygus includes over 40 species of plant-feeding insects in the family Miridae. At one time, nearly 200 species were classified as genus Lygus, but most of those have since been reclassified into new or existing genera. The term lygus bug is used for any member of genus Lygus.
	Lymantriidae Lymantriidae is a family of moths with about 350 known genus and 2700 known species found all over the world, in every continent except Antarctica. They are particularly concentrated in tropical Africa, India, Southeast Asia and South America; one estimate lists 258 species in Madagascar alone.
	Lyme disease Lyme disease or Lyme borreliosis is the most common tick-borne disease in the United States and Europe, and one of the fastest growing infectious diseases in the United States. It is named after the town of Lyme, Connecticut where a cluster of cases occurred in the 1970s. Lyme disease is caused by a bacterial infection with a spirochete from the species complex Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, and is most often acquired from the bite of an infected tick.
	Lymph node Lymph nodes are components of the lymphatic system. They are sometimes incorrectly called "Lymph glands", but they do not secrete anything and are therefore not glands. Lymph nodes act as filters, with an internal honeycomb of connective tissue filled with lymphocytes that collect and destroy bacteria and viruses.
	Lymphatic system The lymphatic system is a complex network of lymphoid organs, lymph nodes, Thoracic duct, and lymph vessels that produce and transport lymph fluid from Biological_tissues to the circulatory system. The lymphatic system is a major component of the immune system.
	Lymphocyte A lymphocyte is a type of white blood cell involved in the human body's immune system. There are two broad categories of lymphocytes, namely the large granular lymphocytes and the small lymphocytes. The large granular lymphocytes are more commonly known as the natural killer cells.
	Lymphoma Lymphoma is a variety of cancer that originates in lymphocytes or, more rarely, of histiocytes. Collectively, these cell types form the reticuloendothelial system and circulate in the vessels of the lymphatic system. Just as there are many types of lymphocytes, so there are many types of lymphoma.
	Lynching Lynching is a term loosely applied to various forms of violence, usually murder, conceived by its perpetrators as extra-legal punishment of offenders by a summary procedure, ignoring, or even contrary to, the strict forms of law, notably execution, or used as a terrorism method of enforcing social domination.
	Lynn Fontanne Lynn Fontanne was an Emmy Award winning actress who was a major stage star for over 40 years and who with her husband Alfred Lunt was part of the most acclaimed acting team in the history of the USA theater. She refused to relinquish her UK citizenship, despite having lived in the U.S.
	Lynx A Lynx is any of several medium-sized wild Felidae. Most are members of the genus Lynx, but there is considerable confusion about the best way to classify felids at present, and some authorities classify all lynxes as part of the genus Felis.
	Lyon Lyon is a city in east central France. Location: . The third largest French city, it is a major centre of business, situated between Paris and Marseille, and has a reputation as the French capital of gastronomy and a significant role in the history of cinema. Together with its suburbs and satellite towns, Lyon forms the second largest metropolitan area in France after Paris, with 1,648,216 inhabitants at the 1999 census, and approximately the 20th to 25th largest metropolitan area of Western Europe.
	Lyonnais Lyonnais is a former Provinces of France of central-eastern France, centered around the city of Lyon. It roughtly corresponds to the modern Rhne and Loire dpartement in France. After the division of the Carolingian Empire, the region was part of the Kingdom of Burgundy, and thus, after 1032, the Holy Roman Empire.
	Lyre The lyre is a string instrument well known for its use in Classical Antiquity. The recitations of the Ancient Greece were accompanied by it. The lyre is a member of the zither family, and was ordinarilly played by strumming, like a guitar, rather than being plucked, like a harp.
	Lyrebird A Lyrebird is either of two species of ground-dwelling Australian birds, most notable for their extraordinary ability to mimicry natural and artificial sounds from their environment. They are the: * Superb Lyrebird or Weringerong is found in areas of wet forest in Victoria and New South Wales, and in Tasmania where it was introduced in the 19th Century.
	Lysergic acid colspan="2" align=center bgcolor="#cccccc" | D-Lysergic acid |- | IUPAC nomenclature | align="center" | 6-Methyl-9,10-didehydro-ergoline-8-carboxylic acidor7-methyl-4,6,6a,7,8,9-hexahydro-indolo[4,3-fg]quinoline-9-carboxylic acid
	Lysichiton Lysichiton, or Lysichitum is a genus in the family Araceae. It includes two species: *Lysichiton americanum - Western Skunk Cabbage. Western North America. *Lysichiton camtschatcense - Asian Skunk Cabbage. Northeastern Asia. These two species were originally considered conspecific, under the earlier-described name L.
	Lysimachia Lysimachia is a genus of flowering plants. It is traditionally categorized in the family Primulaceae but should, according to Kllersj et al, belong to the clade of the family Myrsinaceae.
	Lysimachia nummularia Lysimachia nummularia is a low, creeping plant of the genus Lysimachia. It is commonly called Creeping Jenny, Moneywort, Herb Twopence and Twopenny grass. Moneywort is used in herbalism for healing wounds. It is native to Europe, but has been introduced to North America, where it is considered an invasive species in some areas.
	Lysimachus Other ]] Lysimachus was a Macedonian officer and "successor" of Alexander the Great, later a king in Thrace and Asia Minor. Son of Agathocles, he was from Pella in Macedonia. During Alexander's Persian Empiren campaigns he was one of his immediate bodyguard and distinguished himself in India.
	Lysine Lysine is one of the 20 amino acids normally found in proteins. With its 4-aminobutyl side-chain, it is classified as a basic amino acid, along with arginine and histidine. It is an essential amino acid, and the human Nutrition is 1–1.5 g daily.
	Lysis Lysis refers to the death of a cell by bursting, often by viral or osmotic mechanisms that compromise the integrity of the cellular membrane.
	Lysosome Lysosomes are organelles that contain digestive enzymes to digest macromolecules. They are found in both animal and plant cells but it is rare in plant cells. They are built in the Golgi apparatus. The name comes from the Greek words "lysis" which means dissolution or destruction and "soma" which means body.
	Lysozyme Lysozyme is an enzyme, commonly referred to as the "body's own antibiotic" since it kills bacteria. It is abundantly present in a number of secretions, such as tears. This protein is present in cytoplasmic granules of the polymorphonuclear neutrophils and released through the mucus secretions.
	Lythraceae Lythraceae is a family of flowering plants. It includes 500-600 species of mostly herbs, with some shrubs and trees, in 32 genus. Lythraceae have a worldwide distribution, with most species in the tropics but ranging into temperate climate regions as well.
	Lythrum Lythrum is a genus commonly known as loosestrife. It is one of 32 genera of the family Lythraceae. Lythrum species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Emperor Moth, Engrailed, Hebrew Character and V-pug.
	Lytton Strachey Category:1932 deaths Category:Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge Category:Bloomsbury Group Category:Conscientious objectors Category:English biographers Category:English essayists Category:English literary critics