Jay Gould Jason Gould was an American financier.
	Jazz Jazz is an original American musical art form originating around the start of the 20th century in New Orleans, rooted in African Americans musical styles blended with Western world music technique and theory. Jazz uses blue notes, syncopation, swung note, call and response , polyrhythms, and improvisation.
	Jean Arp (Hans) Jean Arp was a German-French sculptor, painter, and poet. Hans Arp was born in Strasbourg. The son of an Alsace mother and a non-Alsatian Germany father, he was born during the brief period following the Franco-Prussian War when the area was known as Alsace-Lorraine after it had been returned to Germany by France.
	Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres
	Jean Cocteau Jean Maurice Eugne Clment Cocteau was a French poet, novelist, dramatist, designer, boxing manager and filmmaker. He was born at Maisons-Lafitte, France, a small town near Paris. His versatile, unconventional approach and enormous output brought him international acclaim.
	Jean de La Fontaine Jean de La Fontaine was the most famous France fabulist and probably the most widely read French poet of the 17th century. According to Flaubert, he was the only French poet to understand and master the texture of the French language before Victor Hugo. La Fontaine's Fables are choice in every sense: utterly correct, balanced, exquisite in rhyme, natural and easy, droll, witty, knowing, sage, utterly French.
	Jean Harlow Jean Harlow was an United States film Actor and top sex symbol of the 1930s. Known as the "Platinum Blonde" for her famous hair, Harlow starred in several films mainly designed to showcase her magnetic sex appeal and strong screen presence before transitioning to more developed roles and achieving massive fame under contract to MGM.
	Jean Monnet Jean Omer Marie Gabriel Monnet is regarded by many as the architect of European Unity. Never elected to public office, Monnet worked behind the scenes of American and European governments as a well-connected pragmatic internationalist.
	Jean Piaget Jean Piaget [] was a Switzerland philosopher, natural science and developmental psychology , well known for his work studying children and his theory of cognitive development.
	Jean Racine Jean Racine was a France dramatist, one of the "big three" of 17th century France . Racine was primarily a Tragedy, though he did write one comedy.
	Jean Sibelius Jean Sibelius was a Finland composer of European classical music, and one of the most popular composers of the late 19th and early 20th century. His music and genius have also played an important role in forming the Finnish national identity. Sibelius was born into a Swedish language-speaking family in Hmeenlinna in the Russian Empire Grand Duchy of Finland.
	Jean-Jacques Rousseau Jean-Jacques Rousseau was a Geneva-born philosopher of the The Age of Enlightenment whose political ideas influenced the French Revolution, the development of socialism theory, and the growth of nationalism. Rousseau also made important contributions to music both as a theorist and as a composer.
	Jean-Paul Sartre Jean-Paul Charles Aymard Sartre , normally known simply as Jean-Paul Sartre , was a France existentialism philosopher, playwright and screenwriter, novelist and literary criticism.
	Jean-Philippe Rameau Jean-Philippe Rameau was one of the most important France composers and music theory of the Baroque music era. He replaced Jean-Baptiste Lully as the dominant composer of French opera, and was attacked by those who preferred Lully's style.
	Jeannette Rankin Jeannette Rankin was the first woman elected to the United States House of Representatives and the first female member of Congress of the United States. A United States Republican Party and a lifelong pacifism, she was the only member of Congress to vote against United States entry into both World War I and World War II.
	Jeans Jeans are trousers traditionally made from denim, but may also be made from a variety of fabrics including cotton and corduroy. Originally work clothes, they became popular among teenagers starting in the 1950s. Historic brands include Levi's and Wrangler .
	Jeddah Jeddah ,a Saudi Arabian city located on the coast of the Red Sea, is the major urban center in western Saudi Arabia, the largest in the Western Province, and the second largest city in Saudi Arabia after the capital city Riyadh. The population of the city currently stands at over 3.4 million.
	Jeep Jeep is an automobile marque of DaimlerChrysler. The marque, like all other Chrysler subsidaries, became part of DaimlerChrysler when Daimler-Benz merged with the Chrysler Corporation in 1998. Jeep, like Band-Aid and Xerox, is a genericized trademark. Unlike Band-Aid and Xerox, however, the name jeep did not start out as a trademark.
	Jefferson Davis Jefferson Davis was an United States statesman and advocate for slavery and, until he became president, for States' Rights. He is most famous for serving as the only President of the Confederate States of America of the Confederate States of America, leading the rebelling southern slave states to defeat during the American Civil War, 1861-65.
	Jeffrey Pine Jeffrey Pine, named in honor of its discoverer John Jeffrey, is a North American pine related to Ponderosa Pine. It occurs from southwest Oregon south through much of California, to northern Baja California in Mexico. It is a high altitude species; in the north of its range, it grows at 1000-2000 m altitude, and at 1800-3000 m in the south of its range.
	Jehovah Jehovah is an English transcription of , which is a specific vocalized spelling of [ i.e. the Tetragrammaton ] that is found in the Masoretic Text. Jehovah's Witnesses use the name extensively worldwide as the most common version of the tetragrammaton. This form has been in use for centuries.
	Jehovah's Witnesses Jehovah's Witnesses are members of an international religion who believe they are the Restorationism of Early Christianity Christianity. Their preaching, evangelistic, and publishing activities are extensive, with congregations in most parts of the world.
	Jejunum In anatomy of the digestive system, the jejunum is the central of the three divisions of the small intestine and lies between the duodenum and the ileum. In adult humans, the small intestine is usually between 2-8m long; 1-2 m of which is the jejunum. The pH in the jejunum is usually between 7 and 8.
	Jelly A jelly is a sweet or savoury food gel, usually made through the addition of gelatin or pectin to edible liquids. Sweet jellies include fruit jam or gelatin desserts such as Jell-O and blancmange. Savoury jellies include aspic or plain gelatin. Vegetarians and Vegans make jellies using agar, which is made from seaweed or grass jelly as opposed to collagen-based gelatin.
	Jelly bean Jelly beans or jelly eggs are a type of confectionery that comes in many different flavors. They are small and usually have a harder shell and gummy interior. The confection is primarily made of sugar.
	Jelly Roll Morton Ferdinand "Jelly Roll" Morton was an United States of America virtuoso pianist, a bandleader, and a composer who some call the first true composer of jazz music. Morton was a colorful character who liked to generate publicity for himself by bragging. His business card referred to him as the "Originator of Jazz".
	Jellyfish Jellyfish are marine invertebrates belonging to the Scyphozoan class , and in turn the Phylum Cnidaria. The body of an adult jellyfish is composed of a bell-shaped, jellylike substance enclosing its internal structure, from which the creature's tentacles suspend.
	Jemaah Islamiyah Jemaah Islamiyah, sometimes rendered Jemaah Islamiah or Jemiah Islamiyah, is a Southeast Asian Militant Islam organization dedicated to the establishment of a fundamentalist Islamic theocracy in Southeast Asia, in particular Indonesia, Singapore, Brunei, Malaysia, and the south of Thailand and the Philippines.
	Jenners Image:Edinburgh-Jenners.jpg Image:Jenners_Edinburgh_interior.jpg Jenners Department Store is one of Britain's oldest department stores, now under the ownership of House of Fraser, having maintained its original position on Princes Street, Edinburgh, since 1838.
	Jenny Lind For the locomotive named after her, please see Jenny Lind locomotive Johanna Maria Lind, better known as Jenny Lind, was a Sweden-born singer, often known as the Swedish Nightingale. Born in Stockholm, she was noted for her singing voice from a very young age.
	Jerboa Jerboas are the members of the family Dipodidae; they are small jumping desert rodents of Asia and northern Africa that resemble mice with a long tufted tail and very long hind legs. The small forelegs are not used for locomotion. In general, Asiatic jerboas have five toes on their hind feet and African jerboas have three; the shapes of their ears vary widely between species.
	Jeremiah Jeremiah, was one of the "greater prophets" of the Old Testament, and the son of Hilkiah, a priest of Anathoth. His writings are collected in the Book of Jeremiah and the Book of Lamentations. Jeremiah is considered by some modern scholars to have written, or redacted much of the Old Testament, as we have it today.
	Jeremy Bentham Jeremy Bentham was an England jurist, philosopher, and legal and social reformer. Furthermore, he was a political radical and a leading theorist in Anglo-American philosophy of law. He is best known as an early advocate of utilitarianism and animal rights who influenced the development of liberalism.
	Jericho Jericho is a town in the West Bank, near the Jordan River. Jericho has a population of approximately 19,000. It is believed by some to be the oldest continuously occupied settlement in the world. The current mayor of Jericho is Hassan Saleh.
	Jerk In physics, jerk , also called surge or lurch, is the rate of change of acceleration; more precisely, the derivative of acceleration with respect to time, the second derivative of velocity, or the third derivative of displacement. Yank is the analog of Force with respect to jerk: mass times jerk, or equivalently, the derivative of Force with respect to time .
	Jerome Jerome is best known as the translator of the Bible from Greek language and Hebrew language into Latin. He also was a Christian apologetics. Jerome's edition, the Vulgate, is still an important biblical text of the Catholicism.
	Jerome Robbins Jerome Robbins was an United States choreographer whose work has included everything from classical ballet to contemporary musical theater. Among the numerous stage productions he worked on were On The Town, High Button Shoes, The King And I, The Pajama Game, Bells Are Ringing, West Side Story, Gypsy and Fiddler on the Roof.
	Jerry Lee Lewis Jerry Lee Lewis is an United States rock and roll and country music singer, songwriter, and pianist. An early pioneer of rock and roll music, Lewis was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1986 and his pioneering contribution to the genre has been recognized by the Rockabilly Hall of Fame.
	Jersey The Bailiwick of Jersey is a British Crown dependency off the coast of Normandy, France. As well as the island of Jersey itself, it also includes the uninhabited islands of the Minquiers and Ecrhous, the Pierres de Lecq and other rocks and reefs. Along with the Bailiwick of Guernsey it forms the grouping known as the Channel Islands.
	Jerusalem Jerusalem is Israel's capital and largest city, with a population of 724,000 contained in 123 km. An ancient Middle Eastern city on the Drainage basin between the Mediterranean Sea and the Dead Sea at an elevation of 650-840 metres , Jerusalem is located southeast of Tel Aviv, south of Ramallah, west of Jericho and north of Bethlehem.
	Jerusalem artichoke The Jerusalem artichoke, also called the sunroot or sunchoke or topinambur, is a flowering plant native to North America grown throughout the temperate world for its tuber, which is used as a root vegetable. Despite its name, the Jerusalem artichoke has no relation to Jerusalem, and little to do with globe artichoke.
	Jerusalem cherry The Jerusalem cherry is a plant belonging to the same family as deadly nightshade, whose fruit are also poisonous. These perennials can be grown decoratively as a house plant, but in some areas of Australia the plant has become a weed. The plant is perennial in zones up to USDA 8.
	Jerusalem cricket The Jerusalem cricket is a genus of large, flightless insects native to western United States, along the Pacific Coast, and south into Mexico. Because of its large, human-like head, it is commonly called the niño de la tierra, Earth baby, cara de niño, or wó see ts'inii.
	Jesse Jackson Jesse Louis Jackson is an United States politician, civil rights activism, and Baptist Minister of religion. He was a candidate for the Democratic Party presidential nomination in 1984 and 1988, and is a prominent leader of the American Christian left.
	Jesse James Jesse Woodson James was an United States outlaw, the most famous member of the James-Younger gang. Since his death, Jesse James has become a figure of folklore. He has, at times and mostly inaccurately, been labelled as a gunfighter.
	Jesse Owens James Cleveland "Jesse" Owens was an extremely popular African-American Athletics and civic leader. He participated in the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, Germany, Germany where he achieved international fame by winning four gold medals; one each in the 100 meter dash, the 200 meter dash, the long jump, and for being part of the 4x100 meter relay team.
	Jessica Tandy Jessica Tandy, christened Jessie Alice Tandy was a noted Academy Awards-winning United Kingdom theatre, film and TV actor.
	Jesuit's bark Jesuit's Bark, also called Peruvian Bark, is the historical name of the most celebrated specific remedy for all forms of malaria. It is so named because it was obtained from the bark of several species of the genus Cinchona, of the order Rubiaceae, that have been discovered at different times and are indigenous in the Western Andes of South America and were first described and introduced by Jesuit priests who did missionary work in Peru.
	Jesus Jesus,Some of the historians and Biblical scholars who place the birth and death of Jesus within this range include D. A. Carson, Douglas J. Moo and Leon Morris. An Introduction to the New Testament. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Publishing House, 1992, 54, 56; Michael Grant, Jesus: An Historian's Review of the Gospels, Scribner's, 1977, p.
	Jet engine A jet engine is an engine that discharges a fast moving jet of fluid to generate thrust in accordance with Isaac Newton Newton's laws of motion#Newton's third law: law of reciprocal actions. This broad definition of jet engines includes turbojets, turbofans, rockets and ramjets and water jets, but in common usage, the term generally refers to a gas turbine used to produce a jet of high speed exhaust gases for special propulsive purposes.
	Jet stream Jet streams are fast flowing, relatively narrow air current s found in the Earth's atmosphere at around 11 kilometres above the surface of the Earth, just under the tropopause. They form at the boundaries of adjacent air masses with significant differences in temperature, such as of the polar region and the warmer air to the south.
	Jetty The term jetty, derived from the French_language jete, and therefore signifying something thrown out, is applied to a variety of structures employed in river, Dock, and Sea works which are generally carried out in pairs from river banks, or in continuation of river channels at their outlets into deep water; or out into docks, and outside their entrances; or for forming basins along the sea-coast for ports in tideless seas.
	Jew Jews are followers of Judaism or, more generally, members of the Jewish people , an ethnic group-religion group descended from the ancient Israelites and from converts who joined their religion. The term also includes those who have undergone an officially recognized formal process of religious conversion to Judaism.
	Jew's harp The Jew's harp is one of the oldest musical instruments in the world. It is also sometimes called a jew's trump, jaw harp or juice harp, among other names, and has no particular connection with Judaism. As with the parallel example "jew's ear" for the jelly fungus Auricularia auricula-judae, the semitic reference in the original expression is controversial and is avoided by many speakers, giving rise to various alternative terms.
	Jewellery Jewellery is literally any piece of fine material used to adorn oneself. The word jewellery is derived from the word jewel, which was anglicised from the Old French Language jouel in around the 13th century. Further tracing leads back to the Latin word jocale, meaning plaything.
	Jewelweed Jewelweed is a North American common name for a number of species of flowering plant in the genus Impatiens, family Balsaminaceae, native to eastern North America. The plant typically grows about 1 to 1.5 m tall, and dies after one season. Like other Impatiens, Jewelweed is notable for having seed pods that burst when touched, spreading seeds over several square meters.
	Jib A jib is a triangular staysail set ahead of the foremost mast of a sailing boat. Its Tack is fixed to the bowsprit, to the bow, or to the deck between the bowsprit and the foremost mast. Jibs and spinnakers are the two main types of headsails on a modern yacht.
	Jigsaw A jigsaw is a type of saw used for cutting arbitrary curves, such as stenciled designs or other custom shapes, into a piece of wood or similar material. It is usually used in a more artistic fashion than other saws, which only cut in straight lines and exist mainly to chop pieces of wood to length for building structure.
	Jigsaw puzzle A jigsaw puzzle is a Tiling puzzle puzzle that requires the assembly of numerous small, often oddly shaped, interlocking and tessellate pieces. Each piece has a small part of a picture on it; when complete, a jigsaw puzzle produces a complete picture. Jigsaw puzzles were originally created by painting a picture on a flat, rectangular piece of wood, and then cutting that picture into small pieces with a jigsaw, hence the name.
	Jim Bowie James Bowie, aka Jim Bowie, was a 19th century woodsman and soldier who took a prominent part in the Texas Revolution and was killed at the Battle of the Alamo. He was born in Kentucky, and spent most of his life in Louisiana before moving to Texas and joining in the revolution.
	Jim Henson James Maury Henson was the most widely known United States puppeteer in modern American television history. He was also a filmmaker, television producer, and the founder of The Jim Henson Company, the Jim Henson Foundation, and Jim Henson's Creature Shop. He was the creator of The Muppets and the leading force behind their long creative run.
	Jim Morrison James Douglas "Jim" Morrison was an United States singer, songwriter, writer, and poet. Born in Melbourne, Florida, he was the lead singer and lyricist of the popular American rock band The Doors, and is considered to be one of the most Charisma Frontman in the history of rock music.
	Jim Thorpe Jacobus Franciscus "Jim" Thorpe is considered one of the most versatile athletes in modern sports. He won Olympic Games gold medals in the pentathlon and decathlon, starred in college and professional American football, played Major League Baseball and also had a career in basketball.
	Jimi Hendrix James Marshall "Jimi" Hendrix was an American musician, singer, songwriter, guitarist, innovator, and cultural icon. Widely hailed by music fans and critics alike, Hendrix is arguably the greatest and most influential electric guitarist in rock music history. He achieved worldwide fame in 1967 playing at the Monterey Pop Festival, then headlined the iconic 1969 Woodstock Festival before his sudden death in 1970, at the age of 27.
	Jimmy Carter James Earl "Jimmy" Carter, Jr. was the 39th President of the United States and the Nobel Peace Prize in 2002. Previously, he was the List of governors of Georgia . In 1976, Carter won the United States Democratic Party nomination as a dark horse candidate, and went on to defeat incumbent Gerald Ford in the United States presidential election, 1976.
	Jimmy Doolittle General James Harold "Jimmy" Doolittle, Sc.D., USAF was an American aviation pioneer. Doolittle served with great distinction as a general in the United States Army Air Forces during the Second World War, earning the Medal of Honor as the commander of the Doolittle Raid.
	Jimmy Durante James Francis Durante, better known as Jimmy Durante, was an United States singer, pianist, comedian, and actor, whose distinctive gravel delivery, comic language butchery, jazz-influenced songs, and large nose — his frequent jokes about it included a frequent self-reference that became his nickname: "Schnozzola" — helped make him one of America's most familiar and popular personalities of the 1920s through the 1960s.
	Jimmy Hoffa James Riddle "Jimmy" Hoffa was a noted United States labor movement leader with ties to the Mafia. As the President of the Teamsters from the mid-1950s to the mid-1960s, Hoffa wielded considerable influence. He is also well-known in popular culture for the mysterious circumstances surrounding his still-unexplained disappearance and presumed death.
	Jingoism Jingoism is a term describing chauvinism patriotism, usually with a War Hawk political stance. In practice, it refers to sections of the general public who advocate bullying other countries or using whatever means necessary to safeguard a country's national interests.
	Jitterbugs Jitterbugs is a 1943 Laurel and Hardy feature film. The plot involves the team as a travelling two-man band selling "gas pills" in gas-short, wartime America. External links See also * 1943 in film * Laurel and Hardy films