James Branch Cabell James Branch Cabell was an United States author of fantasy fiction and belles lettres. Cabell's surname is often mispronounced "Ka-BELL", he himself pronounced it "CAB-ble". To remind an editor of the correct pronunciation, Cabell composed this rhyme: "Tell the rabble my name is Cabell."
	James Buchanan James Buchanan was the 15th president of the United States . He was the only bachelor president and the only resident of Pennsylvania to hold the office of President. He has been criticized for failing to prevent the country from sliding into the American Civil War. On Buchanan's final day as president, he remarked to the incoming Abraham Lincoln, "If you are as happy entering the presidency as I am in leaving it, then you are truly a happy man."
	James Cagney James Francis Cagney, Jr. was an United States film actor. In common with fellow American screen icon James Stewart , Cagney became so familiar to audiences that they usually referred to him as "Jimmy" Cagney--a billing never found on any of his films. While technically incorrect, the use of the 'nickname' was a testimony to Cagney's impact.
	James Clark Ross Sir James Clark Ross, was a United Kingdom Royal Navy and List of explorers. He explored the Arctic with his uncle Sir John Ross and Sir William Edward Parry, and later led his own expedition to Antarctica. Ross was born in London.
	James Clerk Maxwell James Clerk Maxwell was a Scotland Mathematical physics, born in Edinburgh. Maxwell formulated Maxwell's equations expressing the basic laws of electricity and magnetism and developed the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution in the kinetic theory.
	James Cook Captain James Cook, Royal Society, Royal Navy was an England explorer, navigator and cartographer. He made three voyages to the Pacific Ocean, accurately charting many areas and recording several islands and coastlines on European maps for the first time.
	James Crichton James Crichton, known as the Admirable Crichton, was a Scotland polymath noted for his extraordinary accomplishments in languages, the arts, and sciences. One of the most astoundingly gifted individuals of the 16th century, James Crichton of Clunie, was the son of Robert Crichton, Lord Advocate of Scotland, and Elizabeth Stewart, from whose line James could claim Royal descent.
	James Dean James Byron Dean was an American film actor who epitomized youthful angst. Dean's mainstream status as a cultural icon is best embodied in the title of his most cited role in Rebel Without a Cause. As with Buddy Holly, Bruce Lee, and Marilyn Monroe, his death at a young age helped guarantee a legendary status.
	James Fenimore Cooper James Fenimore Cooper was a prolific and popular United States writer of the early 19th century. He is particularly remembered as a novelist, who wrote numerous sea-stories as well as the historical romances known as the Leatherstocking Tales, featuring frontiersman Natty Bumppo.
	James Franck James Franck was a Germany-born physicist and Nobel Prize. He was born in Hamburg, and did research in Germany and in the United States regarding quantum physics. In 1925, he received the Nobel Prize in Physics, mostly for his work in 1912-1914 which included the Franck-Hertz experiment, an important confirmation of the Bohr model of the atom.
	James Garfield James Abram Garfield was the 20th President of the United States and the second U.S. President to be assassination . His term was the second shortest in U.S. history, after William Henry Harrison's. Holding office from March to September of 1881, President Garfield was in office for a total of just six months and fifteen days.
	James Hogg For the Texas Governor, see Jim Hogg ----- James Hogg was a Scotland poet and novelist who wrote in both Scots language and English.
	James Hutton James Hutton was a Scotland geologist, noted for formulating Uniformitarianism and the Plutonism of thought. He is considered by many to be the father of modern geology.
	James Joyce James Augustine Aloysius Joyce was an expatriate Ireland writer and poet, widely considered to be one of the most influential writers of the 20th century. He is best known for his landmark novel Ulysses . His other major works are the short story collection Dubliners , the novels A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man and Finnegans Wake .
	James K. Polk James Knox Polk was the eleventh President of the United States, serving from March 4, 1845 to March 4, 1849. Polk was born in Mecklenburg County, North Carolina but mostly lived in and represented the state of Tennessee. A History of the United States Democratic Party, Polk served as Speaker of the United States House of Representatives and List of Governors of Tennessee prior to becoming president.
	James Madison James Madison was the fourth President of the United States. Known as the "Father of the Constitution," he played a leading role in the creation of the United States Constitution in 1787, and, together with Alexander Hamilton and John Jay, was among the chief expounders of its meaning in the Federalist Papers .
	James Mason James Neville Mason was a three-time Academy Award nominated England actor who attained stardom in both United Kingdom and United States films.
	James Meredith James Howard Meredith is an American civil rights movement figure, although he vocally prefers not to be regarded as such. He was born in Kosciusko, Mississippi of Native Americans in the United States and African American heritage. Meredith enlisted in the United States Air Force right out of high school and served from 1951 to 1960.
	James Mill James Mill, Scotland historian, economist, political theorist, and philosopher, was born at Northwater Bridge, in the parish of Logie-Pert, Angus, Scotland, the son of James Mill, a shoemaker. His mother, Isabel Fenton, of a good family which had suffered from connection with the Stuart rising, resolved that he should receive a first-rate education, and sent him first to the parish school and then to the Montrose Academy, where he remained till the unusual age of seventeen and a half.
	James Monroe James Monroe was the fifth President of the United States , whose administration was marked by the acquisition of Florida , the Missouri Compromise , in which Missouri was declared a slave state, and the profession of the Monroe Doctrine , declaring U.S. opposition to European interference in the Americas.
	James Naismith James Naismith, Master of Arts, Doctor of Medicine, Doctor of Divinity, was the Canadian inventor of the sport of basketball and the first to introduce the use of a helmet in American football. He was also the first basketball coach assembling a team of 5 players.
	James Parkinson James Parkinson was an England physician, geologist, paleontologist, and political activist. He is most famous for his 1817 work, An Essay on the Shaking Palsy, in which he was the first to describe paralysis agitans, a condition that would later acquire his namesake known as Parkinson's Disease.
	James Prescott Joule James Prescott Joule, Fellow of the Royal Society was an England physicist, born in Salford, near Manchester. Joule studied the nature of heat, and discovered its relationship to mechanical work. This led to the theory of conservation of energy, which led to the development of the first law of thermodynamics.
	James Thurber James Grover Thurber was a United States humorist and cartoonist. Thurber was best known for his contributions to The New Yorker magazine.
	James Ussher James Ussher was Anglican Archbishop of Armagh and Primate of All Ireland between 16251656 and a prolific religious scholar who most famously published a Ussher-Lightfoot Calendar which dated the Creation from 4004 BC.
	James Watt James Watt was a Scotland inventor and engineer whose improvements to the steam engine were fundamental to the changes wrought by the Industrial Revolution.
	James Whitcomb Riley James Whitcomb Riley, beloved American writer and poet called the "Hoosier poet" and America's "Children's Poet" made a start writing newspaper verse in Hoosier dialect for the Indianapolis Journal in 1875. Some of his phrases remained in the popular repertory after the poems were no longer read: "when the frost is on the punkin."
	James Wilson James Wilson, was a signer of the Declaration of Independence, twice elected to the Continental Congress, a major force in the drafting of the nation's United States Constitution, a leading legal theoretician and one of the six original justices appointed by George Washington to the Supreme Court of the United States in 1789.
	James Wyatt James Wyatt,, was an England architect, a rival of Robert Adam in the Neoclassicism style, who far outdid Adam in his work in the Gothic revival.
	Jammed 2004 saw The Church make good on its promise to offer another "jam" disc after fans wanted more from 1998's bastard Universe bonus disc from Hologram of Baal. The result was Jammed with more trippy yet masterful musicianship from the reknowned Australian quartet of Steve Kilbey, Marty Willson-Piper, Peter Koppes, and Tim Powles.
	Jammu and Kashmir Jammu and Kashmir , is the northern-most States and territories of India of Republic of India, lying mostly in the Himalayan mountains. Jammu and Kashmir shares a border with Himachal Pradesh to the south, Pakistan to the west and People's Republic of China to the north and the east.
	Jampack Jampack is a demo series from Sony to advertise and preview upcoming games. Often, it has previewed many popular games, ranging from SSX Tricky and Final Fantasy X to Need for Speed Underground and Tony Hawk's Pro Skater 3. Jampack demos are typically sold at low prices and bought by consumers of Playstation underground.
	Jams JAMS is one of the lines of clothing produced by Jams World. Many baby boomers remember the wildly popular JAMS shorts of the 1960's. JAMS were closely associated with the California and Hawaii surf scenes. The JAMS brand still exists, and has grown into today's Jams World clothing and accessories line.
	Jan Hus Jan Hus , also known as John Huss was a Czech people religious thinker, philosopher, and reformer, master at Charles University in Prague. His followers became known as Hussites. The Roman Catholic Church considered his teachings heresy, and Hus was excommunicated in 1411, condemned by the Council of Constance, and burned at the stake on July 6, 1415, in Konstanz , Germany.
	Jan Steen Jan Havickszoon Steen was a The Netherlands painter of the 17th century. Psychological insight, sense of humour and abundance of colour are marks of his trade. Daily life was Jan Steen's main pictorial theme. Many of the scenes he portrayed are lively to the point of chaos and lustfulness, even so much that a Jan Steen household, meaning a messy scene, became a Dutch proverb.
	Jan Tinbergen Jan Tinbergen, The Netherlands economist, was awarded the first Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel in 1969, which he shared with Ragnar Frisch for having developed and applied dynamic models for the analysis of economic processes.
	Jan van Eyck Jan van Eyck was a 15th century Flemish painter of great renown in his day. It is a common misconception, which dates back to the 16th-century writings of the Tuscany historiographer Giorgio Vasari, that Jan van Eyck created oil painting, but it is true that he achieved, or perfected, new and remarkable effects using this technique.
	Jane Austen Jane Austen was an England English novel. Her insights into women's lives and her mastery of form and irony have made her one of the most noted and influential novelists of her era despite being only moderately successful during her lifetime.
	Jane Fonda Jane Seymour Fonda is an United States actress, writer, political activism, former fashion model, and fitness guru. Since the 1960s Fonda has appeared in movies, many of which have contained political messages. She has won two Academy Awards and received several other awards and nominations.
	Jane Goodall Dame Valerie Jane Goodall, Order of the British Empire is an England primatologist, ethologist and anthropologist, probably best-known for conducting a forty-five year study of chimpanzee social and family life, as director of the Jane Goodall Institute in Gombe Stream National Park in Tanzania.
	Jane Jacobs Jane Jacobs, Order of Canada , Order of Ontario was an United States-born Canada writer and activist. She is best known for The Death and Life of Great American Cities, a powerful critique of the urban renewal policies of the 1950s in the United States.
	Jane Seymour Queen Jane, ne Jane Seymour was the third wife of King Henry VIII of England. She gave him his only male heir, later Edward VI of England, but she died 2 weeks after her son was born. There is debate over whether she was a Protestant or Catholic. She and Henry were 5th Cousins.
	Janis Joplin Janis Lyn Joplin was an United States blues-influenced rock and roll singer and occasional songwriter with a highly unique and distinctive voice. Joplin released four albums as the frontwoman for several bands from 1967 to a posthumous release in 1971.
	Janissary The Janissaries comprised infantry units that formed the Ottoman Empire sultan's household troops and bodyguard. The force originated in the 14th century; it was abolished by Sultan Mahmud II in 1826.
	Janitor A janitor is a person who takes care of a building, such as a school, office building, or apartment block. They are responsible primarily for cleaning, and often some maintenance and security.
	January January is the 1 month of the year and one of seven Gregorian Calendar months with the length of 31 days. January begins with the sun in the sign of Capricorn and ends in the sign of Aquarius . Astronomically speaking, the sun begins in the constellation of Sagittarius and ends in the constellation of Capricornus.
	Japan is an Island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of China, Korea, and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea in the south. Its capital is Tokyo. At over 377,872 square kilometre , Japan is the List of countries and outlying territories by area by area.
	Japan Trench The Japan Trench is an oceanic trench, a part of the Pacific Ring of Fire, in the floor of the northern Pacific Ocean off northeast Japan. It extends from the Kuril Islands to the Bonin Islands and is 9,000 m at its deepest. This trench was created when seafloor spreading occurred to build a underwater mountain.
	Japanese Archipelago The Japanese Archipelago which forms the country of Japan extends from north to south along the eastern coast of the Eurasia, the western shore of the Pacific Ocean. It consists of more than 3000 islands, including the four Main Islands: # Hokkaido Prefecture
	Japanese beetle The Japanese beetle is a beetle about 1.5 cm long and 1 cm wide, with shiny copper-colored elytra and a shiny green top of the thorax and head. It is not very destructive in Japan, where it is controlled by natural enemies, but in America it is a serious pest to rose bushes, grapes, crape myrtles, and other plants.
	Japanese Black Pine The Japanese Black Pine is a pine native to coastal areas of Japan and South Korea. It can reach the height of 40 m, but rarely achieves this size outside its natural range. The needles are paired, about 7-12 cm long, and the cones are 4-7 cm in length. Because of its resistance to pollution and salt, it is a popular horticulture tree.
	Japanese Honeysuckle The Japanese Honeysuckle is a species of honeysuckle native to eastern Asia including Japan, Korea, northern and eastern China, and Taiwan. It is a twining vine able to climb up to 10 m high or more in trees, with opposite, simple oval leaf 3-8 cm long and 2-3 cm broad.
	Japanese Maple Japanese Maple is a species of maple native to Japan, Korea, and northeast China. It is typically a small tree reaching heights of 5-12 m, growing as an understory plant in shady woodlands. The leaf are opposite, 5-12 cm long and wide, palmately lobed with five or seven acutely pointed lobes.
	Jasmine Jasmine is a genus of shrubs and vines in the Family Oleaceae, with about 200 species, native to tropical and warm temperate regions of the Old World. The majority of species grow as climbers on other plants or on structures. The leaf can be either evergreen or deciduous, and are opposite in most species; leaf shape is simple, trifoliate or pinnate with up to nine leaflets.
	Jasminum nudiflorum Jasminum nudiflorum or Winter Jasmine, is a slender, deciduous shrub native to China. It has arching green shoots and opposite, pinnate, dark green leaves. Each leaf is divided into three oval-oblong leaflets which are about 3 cm long. As its name suggests Winter Jasmine flowers from November to March, the solitary flowers have six petals and are bright yellow, about 1 cm across, appearing in the leaf axils.
	Jasminum sambac Jasminum sambac is a species of jasmine native to southern Asia, in India, Myanmar and Sri Lanka. Common names include Arabian Jasmine, Grand Duke of Tuscany, Kampupot, Melati and Sampaguita. It is an evergreen vine or shrub reaching up to 1-3 m tall.
	Jason This article is about the Greek mythology hero Jason. For other Jasons, see Jason . Jason is a hero of Greek mythology who led the Argonauts in the search of the Golden Fleece. His father was Aeson, the rightful king of Iolcus.
	Jasper Jasper is an opaque, impure variety of quartz that is usually red, yellow or brown in color. This mineral breaks with a smooth surface, and is often used for ornamentation or as a gemstone. It can be highly polished and is used for vases, seals, and at one time for tobacco boxes.
	Jasper Johns Jasper Johns, Jr. is a contemporary United States artist.
	Jat The Jats/Jatts of Northern India and Pakistan, are descendants of Indo-Aryan tribes. In India, they inhabit the states of Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, and Gujarat. In Pakistan, they are found in the provinces of Punjab and Sindh.
	Jatropha Jatropha is a genus of approximately 175 Succulent plant, shrubs and trees, from the family Euphorbiaceae. Plants from the genus natively occur in Africa, North America, and the Caribbean. Visit www.jatrophaseeds.com for more details and sample seeds of Jatropha Curcas.
	Jaunting car The Irish form of the sprung cart, called a jaunting car or outside car was a popular mode of transportation in 19th Century Dublin popularized by Valentine Vousden in a song by that name. The jaunting cart was peculiar in that its seats ran longitudinally and the passengers' feet were placed on a footboard outboard of the wheels.
	Java style="margin-left: inherit; font-size: medium;" | Java |- |Locality |Sunda Islands |- | style="white-space: nowrap;" | Area | style="white-space: nowrap;" | 126 700 km |- | style="white-space: nowrap;" | Population  –Total  –Population density
	Java Sparrow The Java Sparrow, Padda oryzivora also known as Java Finch is a small passerine bird. This estrildid finch is a resident breeding bird in Java, Bali and Bawean. It is a popular cagebird, and has been introduced in a large number of other countries. The Java Sparrow is a very gregarious bird which feeds mainly on grain and other seeds.
	Javanese Javanese is a term used to describe a native of the Indonesian island of Java. At 90 million people it is the largest ethnic group in Indonesia. The Javanese were traditionally concentrated in the provinces of East Java, Central Java and Yogyakarta, but due to migration within Indonesia there are now high populations of Javanese people in almost all the Provinces of Indonesia.
	Jaw The jaw is either of the two opposable structures forming, or near the entrance to, the mouth. In most vertebrates, the jaws are bone or cartilage and oppose vertically, comprising an upper jaw and a lower jaw. In arthropods, the jaws are chitin and oppose laterally, and may consist in mandibles, chelicerae, or, loosely, pedipalps.
	Jawaharlal Nehru Jawaharlal Nehru , also called Pandit Nehru, was one of the most important leaders of the Indian Independence Movement and, as the head of the Indian National Congress, became the first Prime Minister of India when India won its independence on August 15, 1947. Jawaharlal Nehru was born in Allahabad on November 14, 1889, to Swarupani, the wife of Motilal Nehru, a wealthy Allahabad-based barrister prominent in the Indian National Congress.
	Jawan Jawan or Javan, is a word from Persian language, meaning "young". The word jawan as a noun may refer to a young man in Urdu, and also in several India languages like Hindi, Bengali language, and Punjabi. In South Asia, it has additionally taken on the reference to an infantry, and is used in much the same meaning as troop or grunt in English language.
	Jay Jay is a common name for several species of medium-sized, usually colorful and noisy passerine or perching birds in the family Corvidae, or crow family. The names 'jay' and 'magpie' are somewhat interchangeable, and the actual evolutionary relationships are rather complex.
	Jay Cooke Jay Cooke, United States financier, was born at Sandusky, Ohio, the son of Eleutheros Cooke, a pioneer Ohio lawyer, and Whig Party member of Congress from that state in 1831-1833. Seemingly destined for a commercial career, Jay Cooke received a preliminary training in a trading house in St. Louis, Missouri, and in the booking office of a transportation company in Philadelphia; at the age of eighteen entered the Philadelphia house of E.W. Clark & Company, one of the largest private banking]