Albizia julibrissin Albizia julibrissin is a species of legume in the genus Albizia, native to southern and eastern Asia, from Iran east to China and Korea. The genus is named after the Italy nobleman Filippo del Albizzi, who introduced it to Europe in the mid 18th century, and it is sometimes incorrectly spelled "Albizzia".
	Album An album is a collection of related audio tracks distributed to the public. The most common way is through commercial distribution, although many smaller artists will often distribute directly to the public by selling their albums at shows or on their websites. The term "record album" originated from the fact that 78 Revolutions per minute Phonograph Gramophone record were kept together in a book resembling a photo album.
	Alcázar An alczar is a Spain castle, from the Arabic language word ????? al qasr meaning palace or fortress, from the Latin castellum "fortress". Many cities in Spain have an alczar.
	Alcea rosea Alcea rosea is an ornamental plant in the Malvaceae family. External links*
	Alchemy Alchemy refers to both an early form of the investigation of Natural science and an early philosophy and spirituality discipline, both combining elements of chemistry, metallurgy, physics, medicine, astrology, semiotics, mysticism, spiritualism, and art.
	Alcibiades Alcibiades Cleiniou Scambonides , also Transliteration of Greek to the Latin alphabet as Alkibiades, was a prominent Athenian statesman, orator and general. The last famous member of his aristocratic family, which fell from prominence after the Peloponnesian War, he played a major role in the second half of that conflict as a strategic advisor, military commander, and politician.
	Alcohol In chemistry, an alcohol is any organic compound in which a hydroxyl Functional group is bound to a carbon atom of an alkyl or substituted alkyl group. The general formula for a simple acyclic alcohol is CnH2n+1OH. In general usage, alcohol refers almost always to ethanol, also known as grain alcohol, a strongly-smelling, colorless, volatile liquid formed by the fermentation of sugars.
	Alcoholic beverage An alcoholic beverage is a drink containing ethanol. Ethanol is a drug, and depressant, and even though alcohol is a legal drug in most parts of the world, many societies regulate or restrict its sale and use.
	Alcoholics Anonymous Alcoholics Anonymous is an international community of alcoholism who meet in groups. The primary purpose of A.A. members is to stay sober and help other alcoholism do the same. A.A. was the first twelve-step program and was the source and has been the model for all similar recovery groups such as Gamblers Anonymous, Emotions Anonymous, Narcotics Anonymous, Sexaholics Anonymous, Sex Addicts Anonymous, Overeaters Anonymous, and Al-Anon/Alateen, among others.
	Alcyonacea The Alcyonacea, or the soft corals are an order of corals which do not produce calcium carbonate cups.
	Aldebaran Aldebaran, , is the brightest star in the constellation Taurus and list of brightest stars in the nighttime sky. Because of its location in the head of Taurus, it has historically been called the Bull's Eye. Its name is derived from the Arabic language ??????? al-dabaran meaning "the follower", a reference to the way the star follows the Pleiades open cluster in its nightly journey across the sky.
	Aldehyde An aldehyde is an organic compound containing a Polymer carbonyl group. This functional group, which consists of a carbon atom which is bonded to a hydrogen atom and double bond to an oxygen atom , is called the aldehyde group. The aldehyde group
	Alder Alder is the common name of a genus of flowering plants belonging to the birch family . The genus comprises about 30 species of Plant sexuality trees and shrubs, few reaching large size, distributed throughout the North Temperate zone, and in the New World also along the Andes southwards to Chile.
	Aldol reaction The aldol reaction is an important carbon-carbon bond forming organic reaction in organic chemistry involving the addition of an enol or enolate anion to an aldehyde or ketone. In the aldol addition, the reaction results in a -hydroxy ketone, also called an "aldol".
	Aldose An aldose is a monosaccharide containing one aldehyde group per molecule and having a chemical formula of the form CarbonnHydrogen2nOxygenn. With only 3 carbon atoms, glyceraldehyde is the simplest of all aldoses.
	Aldosterone Aldosterone is a steroid hormone produced by the outer-section of the adrenal cortex in the adrenal gland to regulate sodium and potassium balance in the blood. It is synthesized from cholesterol by aldosterone synthase, which is absent in other sections of the adrenal gland.
	Aldous Huxley Aldous Leonard Huxley was an England writer who emigrated to the United States. He was a member of the famous Huxley family. Best known for his novels and wide-ranging output of essays, he also published short stories, poetry, travel writing, and film stories and scripts.
	Ale Ale is a beer style brewed from barley malt with a brewers yeast that Fermentation quickly, giving a sweet, full mouthfeel and a fruity, and sometimes a diacetyl-like taste. Most ale contains some herb or spice, usually hops, which imparts a bitter, herbal flavour which balances the malt sweetness.
	Alec Guinness Sir Alec Guinness, Order of the Companions of Honour, Order of the British Empire was an Academy Awards-winning English people actor who became one of the most versatile and best-loved performers of his generation.
	Alectoris Alectoris, is a genus of partridges with representatives in southern Europe, north Africa and Arabia, and across Asia to Tibet and western China. Members of the genus, notably the Chukar and Red-legged Partridge, have been introduced to the United States, Canada, New Zealand and Hawaii.
	Alembic An alembic is an alchemy still consisting of two retorts connected by a tube. Technically, the alembic is only the upper part, while the lower part is the cucurbit, but the word was often used to refer to the entire distillation apparatus. The alembic was developed circa 800 AD by alchemist Jabir ibn Hayyan; its modern descendant is the pot still.
	Alendronate Alendronate is a bisphosphonate medication used for osteoporosis and several other bone diseases. It is marketed alone as well as in combination with vitamin D. Pharmacokinetics The systemic bioavailability after oral dosing is only 0.6 % as well in women and in men.
	Aleppo Aleppo is a city and province in northern Syria. The city has a population of around 1.7 million, making it the second largest city in the country after Damascus. It is one of the oldest cities in the region, known to antiquity as Khalpe, to the Ancient Greece as Beroea, and to the Turkish people as Halep, and it occupies a strategic trading point midway between the sea and the Euphrates; initially, it was built on a small group of hills in a wide fertile valley on both sides of the river Quweiq.
	Alessandro Manzoni Alessandro Francesco Tommaso Manzoni was an Italy poet and novelist. He was born in Milan. Don Pietro, his father, aged about fifty, belonged to an old family of Lecco, originally feudal lords of Barzio, in the Valsassina, where the memory of their violence is perpetuated in a local proverb, comparing it to the mountain torrent.
	Aletta Jacobs Aletta Jacobs was the first woman to complete a university course in the Netherlands and the first female physician. She was born to a Jewish doctor's family in Sappemeer. She left the local school when she was 13 to study at a ladies' school but did not enjoy the experience, returning home after just two weeks where she was taught housework by her mother, Anna de Jong, but also learned French language and German language in the evenings, and later Latin and Ancient Greek language from her
	Aleurites Aleurites is a small arborescent genus of plants in the tropical and subtropical regions of Asia, the Pacific and South America, belonging to the Spurge family Euphorbiaceae. These monoecious, evergreen trees are perennials or semi-perennials. These are large trees, 15-40 m tall, with spreading drooping and rising branches.
	Aleut The Aleuts are the Alaska Natives of the Aleutian Islands of Alaska, United States and Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Russia.
	Aleutian Islands The Aleutian Islands are a chain of more than 300 small volcanic islands forming an island arc in the Northern Pacific Ocean, occupying an area of 6,821 sq mi and extending about 1,200 mi westward from the Alaska Peninsula toward the Kamchatka Peninsula. Crossing longitude 180, they are the westernmost part of the United States .
	Alewife The alewife is a species of small shad. There are Fish migration and landlocked forms. The landlocked form is also called a sawbelly or a mooneye. The use of the name "mooneye", however, should be discouraged as that name is more properly applied to the mooneye, Hiodon tergisus.
	Alex Haley Alexander Palmer Haley was an United States writer. He is best known for The Autobiography of Malcolm X, which he Ghostwriter, and his book Roots: The Saga of an American Family.
	Alexander Archipelago The alexander archipelago is an archipelago, or group of islands, off the southeast coast of Alaska. It contains about 1,100 islands, which are the tops of the submerged coastal mountains that rise steeply from the Pacific Ocean. Deep channels and fjords separate the islands and cut them off from the mainland.
	Alexander Calder Alexander Calder, also known as Sandy Calder, was an United States Sculpture and artist most famous for inventing the mobile. In addition to mobile and stabile sculpture, Alexander Calder also created paintings, lithography and tapestry and designed carpets.
	Alexander Fleming Sir Alexander Fleming was a Scotland biologist and pharmacologist. Fleming published many articles on bacteriology, immunology, and chemotherapy. His best-known achievements are the discovery of the enzyme lysozyme in 1922 and isolation of the antibiotic substance penicillin from the fungus Penicillium notatum in 1928, for which he shared a Nobel Prize with Howard Walter Florey and Ernst Boris Chain.ge:StMarys80section.jpg|thumb|St.Mary's Hospital in London]]
	Alexander Graham Bell Alexander Graham Bell was a Scotland scientist and inventor. Today, Bell is still widely considered to be the foremost inventor of the telephone, although this matter has become Invention of the telephone#Controversy, with a number of people claiming that Antonio Meucci was the real inventor .
	Alexander Hamilton Alexander Hamilton was an Politics of the United States, leading statesman, financier, intellectual, military officer, and founder of the Federalist Party . One of America's foremost constitutional lawyers, he was an influential delegate to the United States Constitutional Convention in 1787 and was the leading author of the Federalist Papers , which has been the single most important interpretation of the Constitution ever since.
	Alexander Melville Bell Alexander Melville Bell, Scottish-American teacher, was born in Edinburgh, Scotland. He studied under and became the principal assistant of his father, Alexander Bell, an authority on phonetics and defective speech. From 1843 to 1865 he lectured on elocution at the University of Edinburgh, and from 1865 to 1870 at the University of London.
	Alexander Pope Alexander Pope is generally regarded as the greatest England poet of the early eighteenth century, best known for his satirical verse and for his translation of Homer. Pope was a master of the heroic couplet.
	Alexander the Great Alexander the Great , also known as Alexander III, king of Macedon , was one of the most successful military commanders in history, conquering most of the Ptolemy world map before his death; he is frequently included in a list along with Genghis Khan, Napoleon Bonaparte, Simon Bolivar, Tipu Sultan, Hannibal and Julius Caesar, as one of the greatest military strategists and tacticians who ever lived.
	Alexander Wilson Alexander Wilson was a Scotland-born United States poet, ornithologist, Natural history and illustrator. Wilson was born in Paisley, Scotland, the son of an illiterate distiller. In 1779 he was apprenticed as a weaver. His main interest at this time was in writing poetry, and his poems commenting on the unfair treatment of the weavers by their employers got him into trouble with the authorities.
	Alexander Woollcott Alexander Humphreys Woollcott was a critic and commentator for The New Yorker magazine, and a member of the Algonquin Round Table. He was the inspiration for Sheridan Whiteside, the main character in the play The Man Who Came to Dinner by George S. Kaufman and Moss Hart, and for the far less likable character Waldo Lydecker in the classic film "Laura." He claimed to be the inspiration for Rex Stout's brilliant detective Nero Wolfe, but Stout discounted this.
	Alexandre Yersin Alexandre Emile John Yersin was a Swiss physician and bacteriology. Along with Shibasaburo Kitasato he is remembered as the co-discoverer of the bacillus responsible for the bubonic plague or pest, which was re-named in his honour. Yersin was born in 1863 in Lavaux, Canton of Vaud, Switzerland.
	Alexandria Alexandria , , is the second-largest city in Egypt, and its largest seaport. Alexandria extends about 20 miles along the coast of the Mediterranean sea in the northwest of Egypt. It is home to the Bibliotheca Alexandrina, the New Library of Alexandria, and is an important industrial centre because of its natural gas and oil pipelines from Suez.
	Alexis Carrel Alexis Carrel was a French people surgeon, biologist and eugenicist, who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1912. He was also a member of Jacques Doriot's Parti Populaire Franais , the most collaborationist party during Vichy France.
	Alexis de Tocqueville Alexis-Charles-Henri Clrel de Tocqueville was a France politics and historian. His most famous works are Democracy in America and The Old Regime and the Revolution. In both of these works, he explored the myriad and profound effects of the rising equality of social conditions on both the individual and the state in western societies.
	Alfalfa Alfalfa , also known as Lucerne, Purple Medick and Trefoil, is a perennial flowering plant cultivated as an important forage crop. Alfalfa lives from five to twelve years, depending on variety and climate. It is a cool season perennial legume, growing to a height of 1 meter.
	Alfred Binet Alfred Binet, France psychologist and inventor of the first usable intelligence test, the basis of today's IQ test. Born in Nice, Binet was a French psychologist who published the first modern intelligence test, the Binet-Simon intelligence scale, in 1905. His principal goal was to identify students who needed special help in coping with the school curriculum.
	Alfred de Musset Alfred Louis Charles de Musset, was a France dramatist, poet, and novelist.
	Alfred Dreyfus Alfred Dreyfus was a military of France officer best known for being the focus of the Dreyfus affair. Born in Mulhouse, Alsace, France, Dreyfus was the youngest of seven children in the family of a Jewish textile manufacturer who stayed in France and kept French nationality when the German Empire annexed Alsace in 1871.
	Alfred Eisenstaedt Alfred Eisenstaedt was a photography and photojournalist, best remembered for his photograph capturing the celebration of V-J Day. Eisenstaedt emigration to the United States in 1935, where he lived the rest of his life. Eisenstaedt worked as a photographer for Life magazine from 1936 to 1972.
	Alfred Hitchcock Sir Alfred Joseph Hitchcock, Order of the British Empire was a highly influential film director and film producer who pioneered many techniques in the suspense and thriller genres. He directed more than fifty feature films in a career spanning six decades, from the silent film era, through the invention of talkies, to the Color film era.
	Alfred Korzybski Alfred Korzybski was born on July 3, 1879 in Warsaw, Poland, and died on March 1, 1950, in Lakeville, Connecticut, United States. He is probably best-remembered for developing the theory of general semantics.
	Alfred Lunt Alfred Lunt was an American actor.
	Alfred Nobel Alfred Bernhard Nobel was a Sweden chemist, engineer, innovator, armaments manufacturer and the inventor of dynamite. He owned Bofors, a major armaments manufacturer, which he had redirected from its previous role as an iron and steel mill. In his last will, he used his enormous fortune to institute the Nobel Prizes.
	Alfred North Whitehead Alfred North Whitehead, Order of Merit was an English mathematician who became an American philosopher. He wrote on algebra, logic, foundations of mathematics, philosophy of science, physics, metaphysics, and education. With Bertrand Russell, he coauthored the epochal Principia Mathematica.
	Alfred Russel Wallace Alfred Russel Wallace, Order of Merit, Fellow of the Royal Society was a Welsh Natural history, explorer, geographer, anthropologist and biologist. He independently proposed a theory of natural selection which prompted Charles Darwin to publish his own more developed and researched theory sooner than he had intended.
	Alfred Stieglitz Alfred Stieglitz was an American-born photographer who was instrumental over his fifty-year career in making photography an acceptable art form alongside painting and sculpture. Many of his photographs are known for appearing like those other art forms, and he is also known for his marriage to painter Georgia O'Keeffe.
	Alfred Thayer Mahan Rear Admiral Alfred Thayer Mahan was a United States Navy officer, geostrategist, and educator, widely considered the world's foremost theorist of sea power. Several ships were named USS Mahan, including the lead vessel of a Mahan class destroyer.
	Alfred the Great Alfred was king of the southern Anglo-Saxon England kingdom of Wessex from 871 to 899. Alfred is famous for his defence of the kingdom against the Danish people Vikings, becoming as a result the only English monarch to be awarded the epithet 'the Great' by his people.
	Algae Algae encompass several different groups of usually relatively simple living organisms that capture light energy through photosynthesis, converting inorganic substances into simple sugars using the captured energy. Algae have been traditionally regarded as simple plants, and indeed some are closely related to the embryophyte.
	Algebra Algebra is a branch of mathematics concerning the study of structure , relation and quantity. Elementary algebra is often part of the curriculum in secondary education and provides an introduction to the basic ideas of algebra, including effects of additioning and multiplicationing numbers, the concept of variable, definition of polynomials, along with factorization and determining their root s.
	Algeria Algeria , officially the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria is a country in north Africa, and the second largest country on the African continent, Sudan being the largest. The issue of Berber language and identity increased in significance, particularly after the extensive Kabyle protests of 2001 and the near-total boycott of local elections in Kabylie; the government responded with concessions including naming of Tamazight as a national language and teaching it in schools.
	Algerian dinar The dinar is the currency of Algeria. Its ISO 4217 code is "DZD". The name is ultimately derived from the Roman Empire denarius. It is subdivided into 100 centimes. The dinar was introduced in 1964, replacing the Algerian franc at par.
	Algiers Algiers is the capital and largest city of Algeria in North Africa. According to the 1998 census the population of the city proper was 1,519,570, whilst the total for the agglomeration was 2,135,630. Nicknamed al-Bahjah or Alger la Blanche for the glistening white of its buildings as seen sloping up from the sea, it is situated on the west side of a bay of the Mediterranean Sea.
	Algol Algol is a bright star in the constellation Perseus . It is one of the best known eclipsing binary, the first such star to be discovered, and also one of the first variable stars to be discovered. Algol's apparent magnitude changes regularly between 2.1 and 3.4 over a period of 2 days, 20 hours and 49 minutes.
	Algonquian languages The Algonquian languages are a subfamily of Native American languages that includes most of the languages in the algic languages language family . Speakers of Algonquian languages stretch from the east coast of North America all the way to the Rocky Mountains. The proto-language from which all of the languages of the family descend, Proto-Algonquian language, was spoken at least 3,000 years ago, though there is still no scholarly consensus as to where this language was spoken.
	Algorithm In mathematics and computing, an algorithm is a procedure for accomplishing some task which, given an initial state, will termination in a defined end-state. The computational complexity and efficient implementation of the algorithm are important in computing, and this depends on suitable data structures.
	Alhambra The Alhambra is an ancient mosque, palace and fortress complex of the Moors monarchs of Granada, in southern Spain , occupying a hilly terrace on the south-eastern border of the city of Granada. It was the residence of the Muslim kings of Granada and their court, but is currently a museum exhibiting exquisite Islamic architecture.
	Ali Ali ibn Abi ?alib? was an early Islamic leader. He is seen by Sunni Muslims as the last of the four Rashidun. Shi'a Islam Muslims consider him the First Shi'a Imam appointed by the prophets of Islam Muhammad and the first rightful caliph.
	Ali Baba Ali Baba is a fictional character described in the adventure tale of "Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves" It is part of the Arabian Nights. Some critics believe that this story was added to The Book of One Thousand and One Nights by one of its European transcribers, Antoine Galland, an 18th-century France orientalist who may have heard it in oral form from a Maronite story-teller from Aleppo.
	Alice B. Toklas Alice B. Toklas was the lover and confidante of writer Gertrude Stein.