Encyclopedia
One-day cricket is a version of the sport of
cricket that is completed in one day, as distinct from Test cricket and first-class cricket which can take up to five days to complete.
Structure
In a one-day cricket match, each team bats only once, and each innings is limited to a set number of overs, usually fifty in a One-day International and between forty and sixty in a List A domestic one-day match. Other changes to the game include additional restrictions on where fielders may be placed , a restriction on the number of overs that may be bowled by any one bowler and stricter rules on wide balls and short deliveries . In many games a white
ball is used rather than the traditional red; the need to paint rather than stain the white ball gives it subtly different characteristics in flight as it wears.
One-day cricket is popular with spectators as it can encourage aggressive, risky, entertaining batting, often results in cliffhanger endings, and ensures that a spectator can watch an entire match without committing to five days of continuous attendance. However, many fans of Test match cricket regard it as ignoring the skills of bowlers, prone to random results not reflective of the relative skill of the teams, and with modern one-day tactics where batsmen take few risks outside the first and last few overs, lacking in the claimed excitement. Such criticisms have gained steam with the revitalisation, led by Australia, of Test matches.
Bowling restrictions
As mentioned above, in almost all competitive one-day games, a restriction is placed on the number of overs that may be bowled by any one bowler. This is to prevent a side playing two bowlers with extremely good stamina who can then bowl the entirety of their side's overs, thus skewing the composition of a side. The classical composition of a cricket team is five specialist batsmen, five specialist bowlers and a
wicket-keeper: in order to maintain this, the usual limitation is set so that a side must include at least five bowlers. For example, the usual limit for twenty-over cricket is four overs per bowler, for forty-over cricket eight per bowler and for fifty-over cricket ten per bowler.
There is at least one notable exception to this convention. Pro Cricket in the United States restricts bowlers to five overs each, thus leaving a side requiring only four bowlers.
History
One-day cricket began between English
county teams on May 2, 1962.
Leicestershire beat Derbyshire and Northamptonshire beat
Nottinghamshire over 65 overs in the "Midlands Knock-Out Cup", which Northamptonshire went on to win a week later. The following year, the first full-scale one-day competition between first-class teams was played, the knock-out Gillette Cup, won by
Sussex. League one-day cricket also began in England, when the John Player
Sunday League was started in 1969. Both these competitions have continued every season since inauguration, though the sponsorship has changed. The knock-out cup is now the
Cheltenham and Gloucester Trophy. The league is not exclusive to Sundays.
The first One-day International match was played in Melbourne in 1971, and the quadrennial
cricket World Cup began in 1975. Many of the "packaging" innovations, such as coloured clothing, were as a result of World Series Cricket, a "rebel" series set up outside the cricketing establishment by Australian entrepreneur
Kerry Packer . For more details, see
History of cricket.
Twenty20, a curtailed form of one-day cricket with 20 overs per side, was first played in England in 2003. It has proven very popular, and several Twenty20 matches have been played between national teams. It makes several changes to the usual
laws of cricket, including the addition of a "
bowl-out" to decide the result of tied matches.
One-day Internationals
One-day International matches are usually played in brightly coloured clothing , and often in a "day-night" format where the first innings of the day occurs in the afternoon and the second occurs under stadium lights.
One-day International tournaments occur in various forms:
- The World Cup
- Involves all Test nations and qualifying associate nations
- Consists of a round-robin group stage, a Super Six stage, semifinals, and finals.
- Held once in four years
- International Cricket Council determines venue
- International Cricket Council Champions Trophy
- Involves all Test nations and qualifying associate nations
- Consists of knockout games
- Held once in four years between World Cups
- International Cricket Council determines venue
- One-day International Series
- Involves two nations
- Consists of three to seven games, all matches are played even if series result is determined
- Played when one nation "tours" another
- Usually played in one of the two participating nations
- Triangular Tournament
- Involves three nations
- Consists of a round-robin group stage, each team playing the other two or three times, and a final
- Played in one of the three participating nations or in neutral venues
- Notes:
- Quadrangular tournaments are no longer held.
- The semifinals and finals are single games, except in the annual VB Series Triangular Tournament, when the finals are a three game series
- Triangular Tournaments often occur between two touring Test series
- Triangular Tournaments are most common
Domestic one-day competitions
Domestic one-day competitions exist in almost every country where cricket is played. List A status— the one-day equivalent to first class cricket status for two-innings matches— is determined by the Association of Cricket Statisticians and Historians, and usually only encompasses the countries with Test status, and Twenty20 matches do not qualify.
Australia
The
ING Cup. The sides that compete are the following:
In 2006
Cricket Australia introduced the
KFC Twenty20 Big Bash which is amongst the state teams and are divided into Pool A and Pool B and a home and away format is played. Each team plays one home and one away game. The winner of each pool plays against each other to determine the champion.
Bangladesh
The
National One-Day Cricket League is sponsored by Ispahani Mirzapore Tea. It currently runs from November to March, with each team playing the other home and away once in a round robin format. These six teams compete for the League title:
- Barisal Division
- Chittagong Division
- Dhaka Division
- Khulna Division
- Rajshahi Division
- Sylhet Division
England
- The Nat West Pro 40 - played annually in two divisions contained the 18 first class counties and a team representing Scotland. The first division had 9 teams and the second 10 teams. Each division was played as a double round-robin . The 3 bottom-ranked teams in the first division were relegated to the second, with the top 3 teams in the second replacing them. Games were played to ODI rules over 45 overs, with 4 points awarded for a win, 2 for a tie or no result, and 0 for a loss. Most games were played as day games, although there were a number of day-night matches. The league was replaced in 2006 by the Pro 40 League, with the major differences being the matches reverted to one innings of 40 overs per side, and each division consisted of nine teams .
- The Cheltenham and Gloucester Trophy - played annually as a straight knockout competition. Games are played to ODI rules over 50 overs. The minor counties, the recreational teams of the first class counties, and a team from each of Scotland, Ireland and the Netherlands play in the opening rounds, with the first class counties joining the later ones.
- The Twenty20 Cup - introduced in 2003 and played annually in three equal regional divisions. Each division is played as a single round-robin , with 2 points awarded for a win, 1 point for a tie or no result, and 0 points for a loss. Played over only 20 overs, but using normal ODI rules, with the only amendment being that players are 'timed out' if they are not ready to face a delivery within 90 seconds of the previous player being dismissed. In 2003, the top team in each division plus the best-rated runner-up qualified for the knockout stage . In 2004, the top two teams in each division plus the two best-rated third-placed teams qualified for the knockout stage . The 20 overs a side format has proved very popular, with many games being sold out, which is very unusual for an English county game that isn't a final.
India
- Ranji Trophy onedays - The teams in the five zones play each other and the zonal winners play in a round-robin format.
- Deodhar Cup - Played amongst the five zones: East Zone, West Zone, North Zone, South Zone and Central Zone
- Challenger trophy - Played between the teams India seniors, India A and India B.
New Zealand
- Men's: The State Shield - played annually between six teams based upon the first class associations: The Northern Knights, Auckland Aces, Central Stags, Wellington Firebirds, Canterbury Wizards and Otago Volts. Currently played as a double round-robin with team 1 gaining direct entry to the final and teams 2 and 3 contesting a semi-final. Games played to ODI rules with many day-night matches. The winners in the 2003-04 season were the Central Stags.
- Women's: The State League - played annually between six teams based upon the first-class associations: Northern Spirit, Auckland Hearts, Central Hinds, Wellington Blaze, Canterbury Magicians, Otago Sparks. The format is a double-round-robin with the winner determined by points. The winners in the 2003-04 season were the Canterbury Magicians.
Pakistan
The Pakistani domestic competition changes regularly, but for 2005-06 there are plans for three one-day tournaments for men:
- ABN-AMRO Cup: A two-week tournament in February and March between city teams, divided into the Gold League and Silver League . The teams play each other once, with the top two teams qualifying for the final in each individual League, so no team from the Gold League will meet a Silver League team.
- Gold League teams:
- Faisalabad Wolves
- Karachi Zebras
- Lahore Eagles
- Multan Tigers
- Peshawar Panthers
- Sialkot Stallions
- Rawalpindi Rams
- Abbottabad
- Hyderabad Hawks
- Islamabad
- Karachi Dolphins
- Lahore Eagles
- Quetta Bears
- ABN-AMRO Patron's Cup: A two-week tournament running just before the ABN-AMRO Cup, with one group of five teams and another group of six teams. The top two teams from each group proceed to the semi-final. The teams that compete are:
- Allied Bank Limited
- Pakistan Customs
- Habib Bank Limited
- Khan Research Laboratories
- National Bank of Pakistan
- Pakistan International Airlines
- Pakistan Telecommunication Company Limited
- Service Industries
- Sui Northern Gas Pipelines Limited
- Water and Power Development Authority
- Zarai Taraqiati Bank Limited
- ABN-AMRO Twenty20 Cup: A tournament running one week in mid-March. The same groups apply as in the ABN-AMRO Cup, and there will be two semi-finals and a final following the group stages. The tournament will be held in Karachi and Lahore.
South Africa
The local competition in South Africa is the Standard Bank Cup played between 6 Teams:
- Dolphins
- Eagles
- Lions
- Titans
- Warriors
- Cape Cobras
The games are 45-overs, and based on a home-and-away round-robin match system with semi-finals and a final. The Eagles were the winners of the 2004/2005 Competition
Sri Lanka
20 teams compete in the Premier Limited-Overs Tournament, which is an expansion from 16 in the last season. Games are played over 50 overs per side, and the teams are divided into two groups, where each team meets the other once over a period of a month. The four top teams from each group qualify for the quarter-finals, and there is then a direct knock-out system until a winner is found after three knock-out stages. The competing teams are:
- Badureliya Sports Club
- Bloomfield Cricket and Athletic Club
- Burgher Recreation Club
- Chilaw Marians Cricket Club
- Colombo Cricket Club
- Colts Cricket Club
- Galle Cricket Club
- Kurunegala Youth Cricket Club
- Lankan Cricket Club
- Moors Sports Club
- Nondescripts Cricket Club
- Panadura Sports Club
- Police Sports Club
- Ragama Cricket Club
- Saracens Sports Club
- Sebastianites Cricket and Athletic Club
- Singha Sports Club
- Sinhalese Sports Club
- Sri Lanka Air Force Sports Club
- Tamil Union Cricket and Athletic Club
West Indies
The KFC Cup is the main regional one-day competition in the West Indies, named after its chief sponsor, the
fast food chain
KFC. In recent years, it has been run over a week's time as a group stage followed by knock-out stages. Guyana are the current holders, after they beat Barbados in the final, and they are also the team to have won it most, with nine titles, although two of them have been shared.
Trinidad and Tobago are second in that history, having won seven titles.
In the
2005–06 edition of the KFC Cup, the six permanent first class regions of the West Indies contested the tournament:
Barbados
Guyana
Jamaica
Trinidad and TobagoZimbabwe
With Zimbabwe Cricket, the organising body of the sport, in leadership turmoil and undergoing frequent player strikes, no schedule has been announced for the 2005-06 season. In the Inter-Provincial One-Day competition for 2004-05, however, five teams took part, including the separate country of Namibia. The five teams played each other once, and the winner of the round robin league won the competition. The competing teams were:
- Manicaland
- Mashonaland
- Matabeleland
- Midlands
- Namibia
One-day Records
The record for the highest innings total in any List A limited overs match is 443 for nine by Sri Lanka against Netherlands in their One Day International 50-overs match at Amstelveen on July 4th, 2006. The lowest total is 23 by Yorkshire against Middlesex at Headingly in 1974 in a 40-overs match.
The most runs scored by both sides in any List A limited overs match is 872: Australia, batting first, scored 434 for four in 50 overs, and yet were beaten by South Africa who scored 438 for nine with a ball to spare during
their One Day International at Johannesburg in 2006.
The highest individual innings is 268 by Alistair Brown for Surrey against Glamorgan in a 50-overs match at The Oval in 2002. The best bowling figures are eight for 15 by Rahul Sanghvi for Delhi against Himachal Pradesh in a 50-overs match at Una in 1997.
The highest score in any formal limited overs match is believed to be United's 630 for five against Bay Area in a 45 overs match at
Richmond, California in August 2006.
See also
External links
