Animal husbandry
Animal husbandry is the
agricultural practice of breeding and raising
livestock. As such, it is a vital skill for farmers and, in some countries in many ways, as much art as it is science. Other countries have strict laws on the qualifications needed to treat animals and ensure that scientific methods are used to care for them.
The science of animal husbandry, called animal science, is taught in many
universities and
Colleges around the world. Students of animal science may pursue degrees in
veterinary medicine following graduation, or go on to pursue master's degrees or doctorates in disciplines such as
nutrition, genetics and breeding, or reproductive physiology.
Encyclopedia
Animal husbandry is the
agricultural practice of breeding and raising
livestock. As such, it is a vital skill for farmers and, in some countries in many ways, as much art as it is science. Other countries have strict laws on the qualifications needed to treat animals and ensure that scientific methods are used to care for them.
The science of animal husbandry, called
animal science, is taught in many
universities and
Colleges around the world. Students of animal science may pursue degrees in
veterinary medicine following graduation, or go on to pursue master's degrees or doctorates in disciplines such as
nutrition, genetics and breeding, or reproductive physiology. Graduates of these programs may be found working in the veterinary and human pharmaceutical industries, the livestock and pet supply and feed industries, or in academia.
Historically, certain sub-professions within the field of Animal Husbandry are specifically named according to the animals that are cared for.
Different Types of Animal Husbandry
A
swineherd is a person who cares for hogs and pigs . A
shepherd is a person who cares for sheep. A
goatherd cares for goats. A
cowherd cares for
cattle. In previous years, it was common to have herds which were made up of sheep and goats. In this case, the person tending them was called a shepherd.
Camels are also cared for in herds. In
Tibet yaks are herded. In
Latin America,
Llamas and
Alpacas are herded.
In more modern times, the
cowboys or
vaqueros of North and South America ride horses and participate in cattle drives to watch over cows and bulls raised primarily for food. In Australia many herds are managed by farmers on
motorbikes and in
helicopters.
Today, herd managers often oversee thousands of animals and many staff. Farms and ranches may employ breeders, herd health specialists, feeders, and milkers to help care for the animals. Techniques such as
artificial insemination, the Geier Hitch and
embryo transfer are frequently used, not only as methods to guarantee that females are bred but to help improve herd genetics. This in turn improves the ability of the animals to convert feed to meat, milk or fiber more efficiently and improve the quality of the final product.
Ethical Implications of Animal Husbandry
Some people think animals should live in natural conditions reasonably close to those of their wild ancestors. However, note that
wild animals suffer pressure from disease,
predation, etc. which compassionately reared domestic animals should not suffer.
Some techniques of animal husbandry such as
factory farming have been attacked by animal welfare groups such as
Compassion In World Farming and farmers who use more traditional or
organic practices.
Genetic engineering is also controversial though it does not necessarily involve suffering.
Animal rights groups are vocal in its criticism of systems of animal agriculture.
Some domesticated species of animals, such as the vechur cow, are rare breeds and are
endangered. They are the subject of conservation efforts.
See also
External links
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